Toulmin Argumentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Toulmin Argumentation - Essay Example The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 is an example of the steps that the government has made in order to broaden the workforce in the military. It is an act requiring all public school teachers to be highly qualified by way of showing subject knowledge for their teaching level (Berkhart 104). While this act seems to be a very objective and a well-structured plan, the news regarding the number of students who are passing the military exams are alarming. According to Fox News, one in every four students who took the basic military exam – which is basic math, science and reading questions – has received a failing mark. It is for this reason that the military should be allowed, and thus, intensify their efforts of trying to recruit high schools in military. Also, Amy Wilkins, the vice president of the nonprofit Education Trust, such incident only gives us the chance to take a look at the civilian workforce. The result of the exam only shows that if the students were not rea dy for the military jobs, then they are most likely not also ready for the work in the civilian community. At this rate, the military should really be alarmed most especially if the choices they have are slowly diminishing by the number. With the concern of the student’s welfare, however, some are saying that the military has become more violent in pushing the students to apply for the Army. While on the other hand, some are saying that the military are only there, giving them the opportunity to guide them on what path to take. There are still some schools that are very professional when it comes to the area of recruitment (Trousdale 42). It can also be stated that the reason why some students feel that they are being pushed by the military is because they are not yet really ready to be of service to the Army. Being in high school, they still want to experience the freedom, and be carefree in anything they do. And to most students, being in the military is like imprisoning yo urself to so much discipline that the only way to become free again is to quit. But then again, as what Amy Wilkins has stated, if high school students are not yet ready for the challenges that the military is offering, then they are not even more ready for the challenges in the real world. Recruiting is a part of every organization. Of course, in order to maintain a number of members, recruitment is the key. And in this case, military serves as the national defense of the community. They are the ones who will fight for the country’s safety, and thus, their numbers should be tightened, let alone be increased. And not only that, the Army really needs a workforce that is educated and motivated so that they can defend the country real well. Recruiting is not about forcing these kids to go into war, but rather, opening their minds to the possible career opportunity in the military world. In fact, getting into military might be the best way to get them a college education. Another benefit from recruiting is that they implement motivation for the students to strive and work hard. They also encourage them to be disciplined by telling their own stories. By this, anyone can clearly see that the students are not being forced to join the military but is only facilitating the possibility of them joining the Army. After all, every one of us has their own free will and kids nowadays are smart enough to know what they really want in their life. It is never wrong to

Smoking among Teenagers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Smoking among Teenagers - Research Paper Example Not only this but also a teen’s exposure to cigarette smoke increases the risk of metabolic syndrome. Smoking during the teenage impacts the teenager’s overall health, lung efficiency, reduces concentration span as a result of which his or her academic performance is hampered. Youth is that period of our lives where our mind and body are at their peaks but smoking during teenage deprives one of giving one’s best performance in all walks of life (Hales, 2009-2010). The hazards of teenage smoking and its causes can be traced to the determinants of health as per the ecological model. THE ECOLOGICAL MODEL The ecological perspective on health includes individual and environmental factors. The ecological model stresses that for community assessment, it is important to look beyond individual factors and also incorporate organizational and community factors. As per the ecological model, behavior at the individual level is influenced by biological, physiological, psycholo gical and emotional states. The psychological aspect of teenage smoking is that teenagers have it at the back of their mind that smoking makes them more ‘cool’ and mature. Many a times a teenager tries the first puff just to imitate his or her favorite celebrity. The social and cultural beliefs of family, friends and peers comprise of the interpersonal level. Smoking behavior of a teen is influenced by family: for instance if one of the parents smokes, then the child tends to smoke too. Heredity is the main biological factor: for instance women who smoke during pregnancy are indirectly making their unborn children prone to nicotine. These children develop a liking for nicotine and also show quick addiction. Friends are part family members and usually a teen is more influenced by friends than by his family. Many teenagers testify that their friends forced them to take the first puff (Harris, 2010). The physiological factors for teenage smoking will include nicotine metab olism and excretion. Cultural beliefs are very correctly depicted in the promotions of the Marlboro Man (McLeroy, 1988). At the organizational and community level, economic, physical and structural factors influence behavior. This level encompasses educational programs, mass media, counseling, support groups and organizational incentives. Public policy is another domain at which assessment can be done for a community. The Public Policy shows the state’s stance on health and related issues. For instance public service messages against teenage smoking and awareness programs come under public policy. Not only this but also public policy includes national laws for teenage smoking like a ban on selling cigarettes to a minor (Harris, 2010). Relationships with family, friends, neighbors, contacts at work, and acquaintances form the interpersonal processes which influence health behaviors. These relationships are particularly more influential in a teenager’s life as his mind i s vulnerable and he tends to adopt common behavior in his surroundings. The way a teenager deals with stress is also influenced by these relationships. If an adult smokes excessively during stress than his teenage son would do the same under stress. If the same interpersonal relationships can provoke a teenager to smoke then they can also work as support systems in times of stress and rehabilitation (for smoking or alcohol addicts). However if a

Is famine a natural phenomenon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Is famine a natural phenomenon - Essay Example tion as to whether or not famine is man-made or a natural disaster, the following aims to explore the different causes of famine in a holistic perspective. It is reported that in Asia Africa and Latin America, the regions of the world which are underdeveloped, more than 500 million people live in absolute poverty. Accordingly more than 9 million people die each and every year due to hunger and malnutrition and starvation. Accordingly famine persists despite the fact that we have obtained a certain level of and development in the Western developed world and the result of income disparity is the increased incidence of famine throughout the world. What are the causes of famine? For many parts of the world famine is caused by a series of social, political, and environmental factors which have led to widespread poverty and hunger. In some places such as in Ethiopia, Somalia, and other countries of the Horn of Africa harsh envrionmental conditions and political instability have paved the way for famines and droughts. Droughts occur due to environmental factors and can be caused by a lack of rain one year, soil degradation, or the forces of g lobal warming. Environmental catastrophes have been prevalent throughout world history and famine can be traced back to biblical stories as well as to the early annals of modern civilization. In this respect then, famine can be seen as inevitable and as a feature of our existence on earth. Despite the fact that famine has existed since the dawn of time, there are also human made factors which can account for the rise of famines and poverty throughout the world. We now turn to the causes of human made famines and turned to exploration of our case study, Somalia. The African continent, although seen by many as the cradle of humanity and endowed with many natural resources, is home to some of the poorest countries on the planet. Many of these countries are beset by famine, arguably the greatest indicator of poverty known to

SELF INCRIMINATION Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SELF INCRIMINATION - Research Paper Example Two main principles of the Fifth Amendment therefore include protection of rights of persons undergoing criminal proceedings in the courts, to further support the premise of innocent until proven guilty. Secondly, the principle of prevention of prosecution conduct likely to compel defendants to give their own incriminating evidence takes shape in the Fifth Amendment. Judges cannot compel individuals before court to give information that would directly affect negatively in their pursuit of exoneration in court proceedings. Other persons with an interest in the case cannot compel the defendant to give evidence against themselves within the precincts of the court (GetLegal, 2012). The Fifth Amendment therefore controls any influence that could alter the defendant’s opportunity to present their case before court with confidence that they will not face undue pressure to incriminate themselves, thereby destroying their enjoyment of right to be innocent until proven guilty. Another emergent theme in the Fifth Amendment is the active separation of powers in criminal proceedings, where the executive faces barring environment against use of force on witnesses’ rights. The interpretation of the Fifth Amendment has however faced various contestations with regard to the parties and conditions against which the Amendment gains enforcement authen tication. In Miranda v. Arizona, a case that took place in 1966 the United States Supreme Court defined the admissibility of evidence obtained irregularly from the defendant, particularly within the conditions of absence of an attorney to guide the defendant during questioning. According to the court’s argument, obtaining exculpatory and inculpatory statement in gathering prosecutorial evidence exposes the individual to conditions that may violate their own constitutional rights of informed consent. The right against

Human postural Sway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human postural Sway - Essay Example In this paper we present the observation where 10 healthy subjects of mean age 25 are examined to find out a relationship between postural sway during quite-stance and perturbation with and without muscle fatigue. We also observe the effect of vision on postural sway on both normal and fatigued conditions. Human control of upright body posture involves inputs from several senses (visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, somatosensory) and their central interactions. Multiple sensory systems of human body are involved in tandem for controlling quite standing. Studies show that there is an indirect and presumably cognitive relationship between visual effects on posture control and their intersensory interactions (BLMLEA. et al, 2006). During quite stance position, center of mass (COM) is stabilized over base of support by using low level muscular movements and body sways around the point of support like an inverted pendulum (Johansson R, Magnusson M, Akesson M. 1988). This led to the hypothesis of inverted pendulum. Any defect, alteration or malfunctioning of the sensory or motor components increases body sway and hence increases the muscle activity to maintain postural equilibrium (Dietz V. 1992). Minor perturbations occurring during normal stance can be counteracted by the regulation of ankle muscles (Schieppati M et al, 1994 and McClenaghan BA et al 1996). Muscle fatigue is a complex phenomenon that has been defined as a reduction in the force-generating capacity of muscles, regardless of the task performed (Bigland-Ritchie B, Woods JJ.1984). Though, how fatigues affect the postural control system is not clear there are several fatigue related mechanisms involved at different levels of the nervous system that could affect the regulation of these small forces. Muscle fatigue causes failure of transmission of neural signals and disables the muscles to respond to the neural currents (Bigland-Ritchie B, Woods JJ.1984). Muscle fatigue also alters the basic functioning of complete nervous system and causes failure of motoneurons excitement. Effects of a muscle fatigue on human postural sway can be studied by inducing momentary fatigue by physical exertion. Studies show a mild difference in effects of a fatigue on sway with and without vision (Lepers R. and Nardone A. et al). To examine the effects of a fatigue on human postural control, in this experiment muscle fatigue is induced in ankle

EXAM PREPARATION (MARKETING RESEARCH) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EXAM PREPARATION (MARKETING RESEARCH) - Essay Example For a company that wants to differentiate its existing products or to innovate, the marketing department has to conduct exploratory research. With this research design, the marketing department will see how its customers respond to these new products in terms of their attitudes to buy these products or their feedback about its features, quality and utility etc. Most innovative firms such as Apple, Microsoft, Cisco, Vodafone etc almost always used exploratory research design to further discover new ideas. Apple Inc used exploratory research to develop iPod, by learning about how consumers wanted a portable device that could play favorite songs with increased volume quality and with ample storage capacity. Exploratory marketing research can help the researcher identify strategic management practices, financial or auditing approaches, marketing opportunities that may lead the company to achieve competitive advantage etc. Basically, the exploratory research is to provide the researcher w ith preliminary information about the problem or the opportunity to be studied. Descriptive research design attempts to obtain data that can describe the characteristics of the topic of interest in the research. Descriptive research is mainly designed to help the researcher to determine the frequency with which some incident occurs or to determine the relationship between two variables. This type of research is relatively rigid in nature, because the researcher assumes certain underlying characteristics of the market or he has some precise question of the statement of the research. Marketing management of a company may have to study about seasonal trends that affect their marketing. Descriptive research is the appropriate design for this type of research. Descriptive research is frequently used by companies to segment the potential market. With segmentation, the marketer initially identifies

Operant Applications Essay Example for Free

Operant Applications Essay Self actualization is at the pinnacle of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs which examines the order by which human actions are geared towards. According to Maslow, in order to have the other needs, the basic needs have to be satisfied first . Only upon satisfying the physiological needs are the other needs considered. As such, the graduation in level suggests that self-actualization is the most difficult level to attain because of the preconditions that need to be satisfied in order to advance. According to Maslow, this is the most difficult to achieve due to its nature. It is not an absolute fact but is relative and therefore difficult to attain. The teachings of Maslow have shown that due to the relative nature of self actualization it is possible that a person may have achieved this but has not realized such and is therefore incapable of self actualization. In order to be self actualized, Maslow stated that there is a need for inner exploration and action. Man needs to realize his internal self and come to terms with such. It is this motivation which leads a person to self-actualization. This is problematic on several levels which explains why Freud had a different perspective on the matter. While Maslow derived his theory from Freud, Freud’s teaching was different in that these innate impulses are caused by the developments in the human psyche and the subconscious. There is no innate mechanism but rather the logical effect of the interactions of the different personalities and parts of the human mind. The motivation comes not from the desire for self-actualization but from human behavior. From a cognitive point of view, this hierarchy of needs and self actualization is a function of the perturbations that an autonomous system needs. It is not so much self actualization, from this perspective, as it is the perceived competence to satisfy the basic needs in due time. There are, therefore, three main components, material, cognitive and subjective. As such, self actualization is hampered by subjective incompetence which is caused during childhood that act as an inhibitor preventing the further development of cognitive competence.