Use Of An Autoethnography For My Research Method - 1425 Words

Methods I chose to use an autoethnography for my research method, as I will be reflecting on my own experiences, as well as my family’s, in dealing with drug abuse, which will be provided in narrative form. In this narrative, I will observe how the lack of communication about available resources within the community negatively impacted my family, and how it impacts other families in the Mid-South. I will be making evaluative and reformist claims, as I will be evaluating the value of the communications available about resources, as well as providing information about how the lack of communication of available resources has had not only a negative impact on my family, but on other families who have been affected by drug abuse. The data I†¦show more content†¦The counselor was asked basically the same information, but was able to provide a broader opinion as he has dealt with a number of addicts, and not just my brother. My brother was asked what could have been done as far as communications to have helped him avoid opiate abuse. Measures The narrative will provide my insight and opinion on the availability of communications on drug abuse and resources in the mid-south. A gatekeeper is not required as I am right in the middle of the community, and can provide internal insight into the problems and issues. I will also be conducting informal interviews with my parents and a counselor who has worked with my brother to get their perspective on the lack of communication about available resources. In my research, I kept notes on the conversations and relied heavily on past experiences using reflexivity and past situations to help with the content of this paper. In organizing my notes, I reviewed them thoroughly to ensure I addressed each of my research questions, and have enough information to provide a strong argument or proposal. Procedures The participants, who are myself, my brother, my parents and the counselor, participated in this research study in a variety of ways. I used reflexivity in providing my ownShow MoreRelatedInvestigating My Personal Experience Through A Narrative Generated Through Photographic Texts939 Words   |  4 PagesIntrodution My research will be conducted through autoethnography, since it aims to investigate my personal experience while immersed in the land, and create a narrative generated through photographic texts. These images aim to present the encounter between photographer and the land. They reveal traces from both the land and the photographer, they mirror this moment when this both actors became united. It shows both the eye of the photographer and all his studium , while present also the eyes ofRead MoreArts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt999 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent ideas about culture and communication by utilizing what she calls the literate arts. Pratt explains many terms that she believes are beneficial in gaining a further understanding of a literary piece. Key terms such as, contact zone, autoethnography and transculturation are introduced in her essay. She describes contact zones as â€Å"social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in con texts of highly asymmetrical relations of power†(Pratt 487). The contact zoneRead MoreThe Biology Building At The University Of North Florida1408 Words   |  6 Pagessmall square semi enclosed courtyard. Utilizing that courtyard, my favorite place on the whole campus, I will conduct an autoethnography. In my autoethnography I will analyze what about the courtyard I love so much and what those things convey about my relationship with myself and others as well as my position within society. Autoethnographies combine elements of both autobiographies and ethnographies. 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The Hurricane, Directed by Norman Jewison Essay - 1235 Words

I have recently viewed the film ‘The Hurricane’, directed by Norman Jewison and starring Denzel Washington as Rubin ‘Hurricane’ Carter, the boxer jailed for crimes he did not commit. This emotional drama is a fantastic watch, with Rubin and his friends battling for his freedom after twenty years of unfair punishment. This film has been a hit all over the world and not only is it a great watch worth every penny but it sends out messages about believing in yourself and never giving up in what you believe. This action packed review will attempt to talk you through this roller-coaster of a story. Hold on tight! Rubin Carter was born May 6th 1937 in Patterson New Jersey, the fourth of seven children to parents with in a stable marriage.†¦show more content†¦Washington was the perfect choice for the role of Rubin Carter, putting forward a vision of a strong willed and unfairly treated man whose life has been littered with injustices. His work as Rubin ‘Hurricane’ Carter is on a par with his work as ‘Malcolm X’. Washington relishes in his role as the victimised boxer and puts his all into every scene, easily deserving his award for best actor. The manner in which Washington plays Rubin Carter makes the audience instantly get behind him in his fight for freedom simply the way in which he talks about his life in the jail earns sympathy from the viewers which helps make this film such a hit. A clever addition into the film by Jewison is the sub-plot including a young boy named Lesra, played by Vicellous Reon Shannon, who is offered schooling by three Canadians a s they believe he has the potential to become very clever if he is given the right guidance. After a few years of teaching he reads a book written by Rubin Carter called ‘The 16th Round’ – his autobiography which completely captivates Lesra, inspiring him to write to the boxer and over time they become good friends with Lesra paying regular visits. The people Lesra is staying with are appalled when they hear about Rubins’ case and decide to help him in his battleShow MoreRelatedHurricane774 Words   |  4 PagesA hero is defined as someone who overcomes adversity. The Movie â€Å"The Hurricane†, directed by Norman Jewison is based on a true story about Rubin â€Å"Hurricane† Carter who was wrongly imprisoned for murder but eventually becomes a hero. Hurricanes heroism in the film is revealed through techniques such as camera direction, lighting and particularly the script. Rubin Carter was an African-American man who rose above his troubled youth to become a top contender for the middle-weight boxing title. HoweverRead MoreThe Hurricane793 Words   |  4 PagesThe film The Hurricane directed by Norman Jewison claims to accurately depict the life of injustice suffered by middleweight champion Rubin ‘Hurricane’ Carter. The director uses casting, characterisation, lighting and music in order to convince the audience of Carter’s innocence. Jewison uses evidence, in some cases false, to manipulate the audience into believing that the Hurricane is and always has been an innocent man. This clever manipulation is clearly evident in his casting and characterizationRead More Norman Jewisons Movie The Hurricane Essay example914 Words   |  4 PagesNorman Jewisons Movie The Hurricane The problem of racial discrimination has been portrayed in many films in the last 15 years. However, The Hurricane does a masterful job at addressing this issue, and will leave audience members clenching their fists in anger at the injustice that happened to a man named Rubin Hurricane Carter. The movie demonstrates the racial inequity that can be found in our judicial system through the impressive acting by Denzel Washington and the direction of NormanRead MoreEssay on Rubin Carter: The Hurricane1299 Words   |  6 PagesRubin Carter: The Hurricane â€Å"Here comes the story of the Hurricane†-Rubin Carter—the boxer, the man—who had justice stacked against him (Dylan, Bob). The question: What is justice? According to whose point of view? In the 1960s, were blacks treated fairly? Case in point—Rubin â€Å"Hurricane† Carter who was finally released from jail after 19 years of being wrongfully imprisoned for a crime he never committed. Rubin Carter in no way has experienced an easy life. He was born on May 6, 1937, in

Sensitivity and Sensory Processing †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Sensitivity and Sensory Processing. Answer: Introduction: The report is developed for the purpose of providing support and advice on strategies that could be provided in the place of work. The report conducts a sensory profiling on a 47-year-old university student. Here the profiling has been conducted in order to evaluate the response of the person to everyday life situations. The person is a 47-year-old university student named Richard Johnson and lives with his mother and brother where his entire family is located. He was born overseas and immigrated to Australia only ten years ago. He completed the new arrival program in the year 2009 and the 12th year in 2012. Mr Johnson is presently a full-time student at the Flinders University with four subjects each term. He also has a part-time job at Coles, where he goes on Tuesday, Saturdays and Sundays. Some of the qualities possessed by Mr Johnson are time management, team worker, problem solver and advanced computing skills. Some of the interpersonal skills possessed by the person are friendliness, patience, compassion and enthusiasm towards everyone. The report further tries to analyse the different strengths possessed by the person. It also analyses the potential areas where the person can improve to the best of his abilities. From the description of the person, we can state that Mr Johnson had multitasking abilities and could handle both his studies and job roles effectively. He also possessed problem-solving and advanced computing skills. Therefore, possessing such additional levels of professional expertise could also help him move ahead in his career. The professional presentation and conduct acquired by Mr Johnson from his present and past work experiences would help him are supporting disadvantageous group. The person has basic counselling skills along with possessing a sense of humour. These attributes might help the person in coping with the stress and work pressure and also provide sufficient motivation to the others. Mr Johnson possesses a number of interests or hobbies, which includes driving cars or playing video games. He also enjoys riding motorbikes and spending free time with his friends. He has also been inclined towards playing basketball along with taking a walk at botanic parks. Mr Johnson also possesses love and empathy towards animals. Additionally, hiking and listening to jazz music are some of his other favourite activities. Therefore, the man possesses sufficient interests or hobbies to keep him active and agile throughout the day. Current participation Mr Richard Johnson is an active 47-year-old man who lives with his family in Australia. He is a full-time student at the Flinders University also does a part-time job at Coles. The man possesses a lot of skills or interests which shapes his personality in a positive way. As commented by Casali et al., (2013), the interpersonal skills such as active team working, time management and problem-solving ability can provide a person with better chances of success at the workplace. Additionally, Mr Johnson had been in actively involved in educational prospects or in caring for his family. He is currently in the final year of his university studies and has bachelors in disability and developmental education. Mr Johnson had also acquired accolades in rehabilitation counselling. As commented by Galvan-Garza et al., (2017), the rehabilitation counselling training can help an individual comprehend the feelings of others within the workplace. The counselling skills possessed by Mr Johnson can help him connect better with others at his workplace. Therefore, the amiable and empathetic outlook possessed by an individual can provide them with better inter-professional positioning (Brown, 2013). Mr Johnson also has an active community life where he goes for a drive with his friends on every Tuesday. He is also a member of different Moto bicycling clubs and heads or organizes Moto bike groups. Apart from that, Mr. Johnson gets little or no time with his family owing to their busy scheduling. Mr Johnson mentioned that he does not wish to study any further after finishing his university and aspires to work as a rehabilitation counsellor. Though, he plans to continue with his part-time job at Coles for managing some extra cash. Mr Richard Johnson respect had presented his future plans in a much detailed manner highlighting each individual area where he would like to contribute. He had mentioned that after completing his degree from the university he would like to work as a rehabilitation counsellor. He has also completed his bachelors degree in rehabilitation and counselling. Mr Johnson plans to work as a support worker and thus provide assistance to a vulnerable group of people. He wishes to continue his work at Coles, which would provide him with some extra cash. The interviewee has also expressed a strong fetish for motorbikes and bike racing. Therefore, he wants to get involved with the Confederation of Australian Motorsport in the future (CAMS). Additionally, he also plans to get fit by taking up the habit of riding a bicycle daily. Through the interview, a number of sensation seeking habits in the client had been identified. Some of these are - moving around and not sitting in a place or smelling or biting his fingers. In this respect, the client needs to be educated about the methods and process of sensory integration. This can help stop the fidgeting behaviour in the client and make them more mindful (Horder et al., 2014). As an interviewer, the next step should be to direct questions towards the client which would make them reflect on their behaviour. The plausible cause could be anxieties regarding future or uneasiness owing to lack of knowledge regarding a certain issue or goal in the individual. The sensory integration technique which could be applied for Mr Johnson in the present case is proprioceptive activities. These activities need to be based upon the present scenario and need to be engaging enough. These activities can help in enhancing the concentration and focussing power in the client. Sensory processing In this respect, sensory processing may be referred as the manner the nervous system receives information from the different sense organs and change them into the motor or behavioural responses. Thus, any disruption in the normal receiving and processing of the messages can result in behavioural disorders in an individual. For the present report, the sensory profiling of a 47-year-old man Mr Johnson had been conducted over here. He is a normal man with no major sensory disruption excepting experiencing slight sensory seeking such as smelling and biting fingers. The adolescent sensory profiling consists of a set of questions which would enable the interviewer to ask necessary questions about the interviewee. The assessment helps in analysing the sensory processes which govern the everyday activities of the person and the effects of particular situations in initiating particular behaviour in an individual. As commented by Ashburner, Ziviani, Rodger (2010), the assessment helps in understanding the mental preferences of an individual in giving importance to certain situations. The analysis helps the therapist in planning more sound intervention approaches for the concerned person. As commented by Tedeschi Kilmer (2015), such assessment tools are quick and intrusive and can be used anywhere whether in a school, college, university or work setting. The sensory profiling tools consist of a number of components such as the user manual, self-questionnaire along with the score sheet. The manual consists of the rationale and theory which could be u sed to develop the questions further. The theory further helps in the explanation of a particular kind of behaviour in an individual. The score sheet in the self-questionnaire can be used further to develop proper assessment and care plans (Ausderau et al., 2014). The reliability and the validity patterns of the test can be elaborated over here by focussing upon the various parameters which are used to evaluate the character and mental nitty-gritty of a person. Some of these factors are- activity level, rhythmicity, mood, intensity, adaptability and sensory threshold. The tests reports along with practical evidence suggested that people with low sensitivity would have greater responsivity compared to the ones with low registration and sensory seeking (Cohn et al., 2014). The sensory profiling helps in analysing the different factors, which have a profound effect on the everyday life process and thinking pr responsibility factors of an individual. The sensory profile consists of a users manual, a set of questionnaires and score sheet. In this particular aspect, the sensory processing helps in highlighting various personality traits within an individual. For the present case study, we have to take into consideration the case history of Mr Richard Johnson. The man had an active lifestyle and had a number of hobbies such as sports, biking, driving being some of the few. The concerned person here was accessed with the help of sensory profiling tools. Some of the sensory seeking habits depicted by Mr Johnson over here are feeling boring during the course of a conversation. Other than that Mr Johnson would also depict behaviour such as smelling his fingernails or biting the nails of his finger. Discussion of the sensory profiling results The sensory profiling helps in analysis of the different sensory processes which influences the everyday life and activities of a person. In the present context a sensory profiling of the Mr. Johnson had been conducted for analysing the different strengths and weaknesses possessed by him and which belonged o the different quadrants of the summary score sheet such as low registration, sensory seeking, sensory senility and sensory avoiding. Mr. Johnson recorded a score of 28 out of 75 in the low registration segment of quadrant 1 of sensory profiling. He reported that he had difficulties in movement, auditory and proper visual skills. Therefore, on further analysis we could make out that Mr. Johnson had low vision and would often take no notice of minute objects or things. Similarly, he had movement issues, which could be attributed to his fear of heights. This also calls for additional support from his friends on tours and adventures such as hiking. However, the score recorded by him was within the normal range and limits, which rules out the need for any intervention. The sensory seeking parameter belongs to the quadrant 2 of the complete profile analysis. In this respect, Mr. Johnson recorded a score of 37 out of 75, which was comparatively less than most within his same age bracket. The scores were provided based upon activity, movement, taste and smell. Mr. Johnson reported that he had issues in moving around actively and would normally prefer lifts for moving up and down. On the other hand Mr. Johnson also reported that he much appreciated good and strong smell of food and would often surround himself with people who smell good. However, he reportedly had concentration issues and would get distracted and feel bored amidst a meeting very often. Thus, based on the low score recorded for the current analysis intervention methods were required. The sensory sensivity belongs to the third quadrant of the sensory profile assessment. Here, Mr. Johnson recorded a score of 33 which not too less than those recorded for most within his age group. Some of the basic skills of Mr. Johnson which was analysed over here are movement, auditory and visual activity level. It was noted that Mr. Johnson used to feel dizzy while rapid changes in movements like bending down and getting up instantly. He could also not tolerate loud noises and would generally avoid being under noisy circumstances amidst too many people. It was found that Mr. Johnson would get distracted amidst loud noises and fail to perform his tasks with full attention. The client here was also found to be affected by strong smell and would get attracted to a Place based on good smell. Here, again based upon the score recorded no serious intervention strategies were required. The sensory avoiding belonged to the fourth quadrant of the sensory profile reporting. Mr. Johnson scored 28 out of 75 over there, which more or less similar to the scores achieved by most in his age bracket. Mr. Johnson mentioned that he prefers a not too busy life and enjoys some lone time. Apart from that he preferred to be in a peaceful environment rather than in a clumsy and noisy place. This would provide him sufficient space to focus and concentrates on his work. In this context also no specific interventions were required based upon the average normal score obtained. Recommendations On conducting a sensory profile of the person a number of important characteristics of the person are highlighted. The person here Mr Richard Johnson is a highly active and agile person who has a number of different engagements. However, one of the biggest concerns which were revealed about the person during the course of the interview was sensory seeking. In this respect, the person shows distractive behaviour during the course of the interview. Some of these were biting nails and losing focus during the conversation. On conducting further analysis, the interviewer found that the person had sensory seeking issues which were depicted by nail-biting and restless movements. A number of possible interventions could be suggested reflecting upon the transcripts provided by Mr Johnson during the course of the interview. Mr Johnson had once mentioned that he would like to take up his cycling in order to get fit. However, owing to his busy scheduling he is not able to Therefore, a number of exercises could be implemented over here in order to provide the client with an acceptable medical intervention and standards. For example implementation of progressive desensitization could be used in order to redress the sensory seeking issues in Mr Johnson. In this respect, exposing the person to systematic desensitization could be used to lower the anxiety levels in the person by subjecting them to temporary anxiety-producing events and the same time engage them in some kind of relaxing activities (Tavassoli, Hoekstra, Baron-Cohen, 2014). The reason for the presentation of such a kind of behaviour by the interviewee could be accessed with the help of Dunns model of sensory processing. The model has four separate quadrants such as highly passive (P), low active (A), high active (E) and low passive (I). Each of the four quadrants could be explained on the basis of certain behavioural symptoms expressed by the interviewee. The sensory seeking attribute defined the highly active group of people. They could be defined as the ones who are highly active, energeti8c and excitable and appreciate high levels of sensory stimulation. With respect to Mr Johnson, he would often depict nail biting or finger smelling behaviours. Thus, these habits could signify that he was slightly restless or disconnected with the process of the interview. I faced a number of difficulties in conducting the interview session, particularly in drafting the questions which would help in accessing the personality traits of the person. This being my first-hand experience I had some issues with the time management. Thus, I had spent too much time on evaluating and analysing each question. This resulted in me collecting scanty or limited information in some other parts, which could have played a crucial part in the complete personality analysis of the person. Thus, I should have focussed upon the weaknesses of the interviewee to find out the exact causative factors which initiate fear or phobia in the person. This would have helped in comprehending the anxiety patterns of Mr Johnson and thus suggest suitable alternatives. However, next time I would like to conduct the interview with a number of different cases which would help me in inculcating the aspects of sensory processing better. References Ahn, R. R., Miller, L. J., Milberger, S., McIntosh, D. N. (2004). Prevalence of parents perceptions of sensory processing disorders among kindergarten children.American Journal of Occupational Therapy,58(3), 287-293. Ashburner, J., Ziviani, J., Rodger, S. (2010). Sensory processing and classroom emotional, behavioral, and educational outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder.American Journal of Occupational Therapy,62(5), 564-573. Ausderau, K. K., Furlong, M., Sideris, J., Bulluck, J., Little, L. M., Watson, L. R., ... Baranek, G. T. (2014). Sensory subtypes in children with autism spectrum disorder: latent profile transition analysis using a national survey of sensory features.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,55(8), 935-944. Brown, T. (2013). Sensory Processing Measure. InEncyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders(pp. 2800-2808). New York :Springer. Casali, A. G., Gosseries, O., Rosanova, M., Boly, M., Sarasso, S., Casali, K. R., ... Massimini, M. (2013). A theoretically based index of consciousness independent of sensory processing and behavior.Science translational medicine,5(198),p. 198. Clark, J., Yeowell, G., Goodwin, P. C. (2015). Sensory processing and anxiety in central sensitisation pain, p.15. Cohn, E. S., Kramer, J., Schub, J. A., May-Benson, T. (2014). Parents explanatory models and hopes for outcomes of occupational therapy using a sensory integration approach.American Journal of Occupational Therapy,68(4), 454-462. Galvan-Garza, R., Valko, Y., Dahlem, K., Mulavara, A., Schmahmann, J., Lewis, R. (2017). Does the cerebellum help solve the signal-to-noise problem in sensory processing: evidence from vestibular activation in patients with cerebellar dysfunction (P6. 321).Neurology,88(16 Supplement), P6-321. Horder, J., Wilson, C. E., Mendez, M. A., Murphy, D. G. (2014). Autistic traits and abnormal sensory experiences in adults.Journal of autism and developmental disorders,44(6), 1461-1469. Kanda, M., Ruzzano, L., Cohen, E., Cermak, S. (2017). The Association Between Two Sensory Processing Measures: The Sensory Over-Responsivity Inventory and the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile.American Journal of Occupational Therapy,71(4_Supplement_1), p.1. Kaufman, A. S., Lichtenberger, E. O. (2005).Assessing adolescent and adult intelligence. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, pp.15-35. Meilgaard, M. C., Carr, B. T., Civille, G. V. (2016).Sensory evaluation techniques. London: CRC press, p.25. Murray, J. M., Delahunty, C. M., Baxter, I. A. (2012). Descriptive sensory analysis: past, present and future.Food research international,34(6), 461-471. Pohl, P. S., Dunn, W., Brown, C. (2003). The role of sensory processing in the everyday lives of older adults.OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health,23(3), 99-106. Takahashi, A., Iimura, S. (2016). The Difference between Sensory-processing Sensitivity and Sensory Processing Disorder-The Comparison of Highly Sensitive Person Scale and Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile.International Journal of Psychology,51, 912-913. Tavassoli, T., Hoekstra, R. A., Baron-Cohen, S. (2014). The Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ): development and validation of a new sensory questionnaire for adults with and without autism.Molecular autism,5(1), 29. Tedeschi, R. G., Kilmer, R. P. (2015). Assessing Strengths, Resilience, and Growth to Guide Clinical Interventions.Professional Psychology: Research and Practice,36(3), 230.

My First Day in America Essay Example For Students

My First Day in America Essay I am a foreign exchange student and have been here for three years. However, I still remember exactly how I felt on the first day I came to America, the day that I left my family behind to chase my dreams, the day my life has forever changed. Id wanted to go to America to study since I was about 14 years old because this modern country with freedom is all I could ever dream of. I would have many opportunities to complete my desired job in fashion. My parents thought I was too young to live here independently. Hence, I was not allowed to go until I finished my high school. A month before the day I interviewed for the United States visa, I was extremely nervous even I prepared for it thoroughly day and night. I studied hard to get a competitive transcript. I practiced the questions in order to have a perfect interview. I did everything I could to make sure I would not regret because it is hard to get a visa to America. The interview day finally came; luckily I got accepted right at the first time. I was really excited for a new life. I could travel to new places, eat new foods, and make new friends. I could leave my room messy without hearing my parents’ complaints. I could even make all the decisions by myself. The day I had to go has come and everything was totally different from what I imaged. I was so lonely. In America, I had a lot of connections but nothing could compare to my family at home. I used to walk on the streets by myself and eat dinner at tables for one. I felt lonely even when I went to the places where there are a lot of people like schools, grocery stores or parks. The funny thing is I could not drive a car without driver license as same as I did in Vietnam. I was like handicapped in first three months. I also had to get used to the new language because English was not commonly spoken in Vietnam. In other words, I had to start from zero and re-build everything. I had to learn how to live and carry out everyday activities like a child. My life was really miserable and lonely those days when I first stepped on America’s land. Yet life has gone on without me and to survive I have to adapt into the environment that I live. Nowadays, I have a couple of best friends and a stable life. However, I still remember exactly how I felt on the first days I came to America. It feels really blissful when I recall those memories. I prove that I did not give up on my life. I tried and am still trying for the best in my future. Thank you.

The Influence of Computer

Tobias Smollett Biography Essays - Picaresque Novels, Free Essays

Tobias Smollett Biography Essays - Picaresque Novels, Free Essays Tobias Smollett Biography Tobias George Smollett (1721-1771), Scottish novelist, was born in Dalquhurn, Dumbarton County Scotland. Smollett was born beneath a plane tree at Dalquharn House on the family estate of Bon hill in the Vale of Leven, near the village of Renton, Dumbartonshire. At fourteen Smollett was apprenticed to a Glasgow doctor. He studied medicine at Glasgow University and moved to London in 1740. He was a ship's surgeon in the Carragena expedition against the Spanish in the West Indies, and lived in Jamaica until 1744 when he returned to London and renewed his earlier attempts to stage a play he had written The Regicide, but still met with no success. He also failed to set up his own medical practice. His first novel, the partly autobiographical Roderick Random (1748), was an immediate success. His best novel, The Expedition of Humphry Clinker (1771), has become a classic. It is a story, told in a series of letters, about the travels of a family through England and Scotland. Smollett was troubled by lack of money. He spent his last years in poor health, and died in Livorno, Italy, on October 21, 1771. Two years later, Johnson and Boswell stayed at Cameron House with Smollett's cousin James, who was preparing to erect a Tuscan column in Smollett's memory at Renton. Johnson helped compose the Latin obituary on the plinth, and the column stood in what subsequently became the playground of a school. Some of Tobias Smollett's work consists of The Tears of Scotland (1746). Poem on the defeat of the Scots at the Battle of Culloden. The Adventures of Roderick Random ( 1748 ). Gil Blas. Translation of LeSage's novel. ( 1749 ). The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle ( 1751 ). The Adventures of Ferdinand, Count Fathom ( 1753 ). Don Quixote. Translation of Cervantes' novel. ( 1755). The Adventures of Sir Lancelot Greaves ( 1760 ). Travels through France and Italy ( 1766 ). The History and Adventures of an Atom ( 1769 ). The Expedition of Humphrey Clinker ( 1771 ). Some critics regard Tobias Smollet as more satirist meaning that a work of literature or art that, by inspiring laughter, contempt, or horror, seeks to correct the follies and abuses it uncovers. I don't know what that means though. This is a paragraph from Tobias Smollett's book The Adventures of Roderick Random. Roderick Random is the orphaned, unwanted grandson of a severe old Scots magistrate, exposed by his grandfather's known neglect to the malice of the community. His principal enemies are the schoolmaster and the young heir. It is not long before a deus ex machina appears in the form of a sailor uncle: He was a strongly built man, somewhat bandy-legged, with a neck like that of a bull, and a face which had withstood the most obstinate assaults of the weather. His dress consisted of a soldier's coat, altered for him by the ship's tailor, a striped flannel jacket, a pair of red breeches japanned with pitch, clean grey worsted stockings, large silver buckles that covered theree-fourths of his shoues, a silver laced hat whosecrown overlooked the brim about an inch and a half, a black bob wig in buckle, a check shirt, a silk hankerchief, a henger with a brass handle girded on his thigh by a tarnished laced belt, and a good oak plant under his arm. I picked this paragraph because here Smollett is describing the hero of the story Roderick Random. I believe it is important to have a brief if not full description of characters, so that you can imagine seeing them maybe even being there, in your mind, while they are doing what is described in the book.

The role of the IMF in helping poor and debt-troubled countries Assignment - 1

The role of the IMF in helping poor and debt-troubled countries - Assignment Example Its major function is to maintain international monetary system, the system through which countries make international payments. It basically works toward providing a system that will enable foreign exchange among countries as it promotes investments and encourage a global trade that is balanced (Heakal 2010). Countries accumulate debts by borrowing from other countries or institutions especially when getting funds from outside seems cheaper and easier. This is done for the purpose of investment in areas such as factories, production of raw materials, and to acquire products that cannot be found within their borders. Borrowing is also done to overcome crises such as wars and natural disasters. There are two means of paying the debts; by simply paying what is owed from the outcomes of the investments especially when loans are invested and managed in viable projects, and by borrowing new loans when conditions are favorable, which is used to offset the older debt (Kocic 2014). The International Monetary Fund is one organization that lends a shoulder to countries with difficulties to pay their debts. These countries experience a situation where their imports and other income sources cannot balance off what they owe. These countries turn to the IMF for two reasons; through loans, the IMF provides an instant means to offset obligations to external lenders and other lenders (both private and public) such as the World Bank which only give loans to financially struggling countries that have agreed to loan terms with IMF. This puts the IMF in the role of a gatekeeper; for a poor country to get loans from other areas, they must first have a loan with IMF (Multinational Monitor Magazine, 2000). As stated by IMF (2014), when a country is experiencing trouble financially and is unable to pay debts, it puts the international financial system at the risk of instability. The loan is open to all member states regardless of their economic state; whether poor,

Ch9 - reflectional journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ch9 - reflectional journal - Essay Example On the other hand, global climatic change and matters concerning national council can be explained by science. For this reason, students should be thought both social studies and science together so that they can relate them separately (National Research Council, 2011). How does the relation between subjects in schools help in effective teaching? Sciences have a relationship with other fields of study. Science and mathematics are two very close subjects, and one relies on the other while doing investigations. Mathematical concepts are used to calculate complicated steps in scientific investigations. It is more advantageous to both learn mathematics and science along so that one can be an effective teacher. For a student to understand some mathematical concepts like drawing of graphs, his/ her teacher should teach the student both mathematics and science together. This enables the student to relate the concepts and understand it well rather than teaching the two subject separately (National Research Council, 2011). The world is evolving daily, and new technologies are invented. For this reason, students should be thought the Integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Engineering is an essential field in technological advancement, and so teachers should involve students in STEM experiments so that they can practically understand. The Next Generation Science Standards is more concerned with (STEM) since engineering is the core subject applied in the task. In conclusion, English and art are more important for a student to be taught. Enhancement of a student’s understanding requires much reading and writing and, for this reason, a teacher should have it as its first

Managerial Economics Week 8 Individual Work Assignment

Managerial Economics Week 8 Individual Work - Assignment Example Due to such limitations in cell phone technologies, the satellite phone was the best alternative to a wireless phone. Satellites could transmit better than the wireless phones. Therefore, investors opted to use satellite technology to enhance communication and develop the cell phone industry. Most of these investors used much money to develop and implement satellite phone systems. Motorola was one of the investors who in 1991 developed the Iridium. Many companies such as Lockheed and Sony invested in the new satellite technology. The Iridium was the first satellite phone to provide voice and data solutions to customers and users in many parts of the world. Despite the fact that the Iridium gave the best services, it was not accepted by many people. Users believed that Iridium’s costs were more than the services it offered. According to consumers at the time, using the Iridium was expensive. During the time, other existing phone companies such as AT&T were providing better mobile phone services. The weak consumer response of the Iridium resulted to bankruptcy of the firm and the entire project failed. Nokia is able to adapt to variations in market shifts. Initially, Nokia started as a lumber mill in 1865. However, with increasing growth and development the company diversified into electricity production and rubber products. Collapse of the Soviet Union and recession in Europe in the 1980s left Nokia in a huge crisis. In the 1990s, Nokia changed its trends to focus on cell phones. The company developed new companies in Germany and China. As Nokia was developing and expanding, the demand for cell phones was growing in the world and Nokia was one of the companies that felt the demand for cell phones. The company registered increased market value and profits reaching peak in 2000. Nokia executives predicted that producing cell phones that could only make calls would not be profitable for the company by 2000. One of Nokia’s strategies was to

The Financial Analysis Of Mcdonalds

The Financial Analysis Of Mcdonalds Ray Kroc gained the rights of McDonalds restaurant in 1954. This restaurant was based in California, USA. After being unsuccessful at Des Plaines restaurant Ray Kroc achieved a multitude of success in McDonalds after buying it out from McDonald brothers. McDonalds was made public in the year 1965 via the stock exchange. McDonalds was introduced in the stock exchange with 100 shares totaling at 2250 USD. Their success brought them up to 4.7 million stocks as of today. McDonalds have opened around 33000 restaurants worldwide. The main focus of their restaurants is towards franchising which has brought them revenues in terms of sales as well as renting. Currently 80% of McDonalds are franchises around the world with franchising cost around 45000 USD per license. They have succeeded to expand their company in more than 100 countries around the world. 2.1 Current Situation McDonalds have worked hard throughout years to attain a respectable position amongst the world fast food chains. They have managed to perform better in the face of sustained pressure. This has helped them to achieve the top position amongst the worlds fast food companies. McDonalds current situation is very stable. After going through the introductory passage it would be hard to imagine otherwise. With a huge number of restaurants all around the world it can be safely said that McDonalds is doing very well. This was not the case in the year 2002 when McDonalds faced their first overall loss after over 35 years in business. Being a strong company they did not bend in face of problems rather they planned a strategy to get out of this dilemma by electing a new CEO. Cantalupo, the new CEO, focused on the problem and introduced a new strategy known as the plan to win strategy. Under his guidance the company achieved customer satisfaction and improved operating of their current franchises as well as standardizing the future franchising. This strategy raised standards and helped McDonalds to achieve a share price of around 80 thousand dollars in the year 2010. The board of directors made this strategy as one of their core plans because of it doing so well. I nvestors now take McDonalds as a safe place and put their money in McDonalds shares considering that McDonalds will not see another recession if they continue acting on their policies. This can be seen in the revenues of McDonalds. Their revenues have increased from 20,895 million dollars in 2006 to 24,075 million dollars in 2010 and are still increasing. Their continuous success is a result of their introducing new products and even new product lines as they have done by introducing McCafe drink lines containing different types of coffees and teas. This line of products has taken McDonalds in cafeteria market and is rivaling Starbucks in USA. This has resulted for them to have a stable place in the market and in the stocks as well. 2.2 Business Planning and Strategy In McDonalds there is a strategy named Plan to Win since 2003. This plan to win in the industry exist till now and it forced McDonalds to have 32 months of global comparative positive sales which is the longest strip for the last 25 years. To say more, company has had a growth which in general lies above the industry average growth. To get better understanding about the current strategy of the company, let take a look what is the Plan to Win? It is nothing else except 5Ps that are behind the Plan to Win, it includes: People, Place, Product, Price, and Promotion. The 5Ps are trying to perceive every thinkable angle of the company, and have ways to improve everything, from refurbishing old shops, to maintenance Wi-Fi for customers, setting the right mood with music and creating deli menus to cope with the bad publicity. Promotion Products Im loving it worldwide campaign Billboards, internet, TV, all advertising in general Broaden the selections McDonalds Food Studios Superior supplier practices High product standards McCafe Examples: Rice burger, fruit and walnut salad Price High quality food at a reasonable price Value menus Premium selections Place People Refurbishing stores New music Wi-fi Flatscreens Developed training and hospitality programs to teach our people the skills they need to deliver great service Computer based training -Restaurant Operations Improvement Process (ROIP) Their main efforts are in a direction of maintenance of their unique firm power, and creation of the additional added cost through experience to keep and develop their shares in the American market. Companys newest leading addition of industrial line is the McCafe. The McCafe have a target audience of those who would like something else than regular soft drinks, or probably only wants some coffee. Using this new strategy and an industrial line McDonalds tries to seize shares of the market in the industry of coffee industry, which mainly operates Starbucks. It is courageous strategy, where they have an experience minimum, but however it is strategy which is supported by a considerable quantity of their forces. They already have global network of suppliers and one of the most influential brands in the world. Their marketing has focused on two separate things: first, coping with the effects of the obesity through marketing and a new healthier product category and second, increasing brand awareness to maintain and develop market shares. While supervising the result (outcome) of McDonalds has carried out strategy the last years, then the financial data speaks in own language. Development of the incomes which are above development of the market means that they increase the shares in the market. When supervising of their edges of total profit, then since performance of Plan to Win has increased edge more than forty percent. It shows that McDonalds till now have correct forces and strategy to outmanoeuvre any problems of fatness. McDonalds should study their basic products in the future. As changing requirements and instructions from clients and the governments appear, then at McDonalds there would be a big advantage of being preventive on these questions. Now they were some of the slowest in the industry to get rid of their trans-fat to make French fries which sends a bad signal on not caring about their clients. On all questions of public health services they, apparently, have very jet manner, still precisely knowing what to make with a problem. If they have to change and expand the research of these areas, the pure size and resources could give easily to them the big push up in CSR competencies and the general image in comparison with their competitors. But as it now, their research some kind of weakness as they concentrate more on research in decorating than in full healthy meal. It isnt intended these that they should change the basic products as a cheeseburger, big Mac and French fries, but rather plac ing some resources in creation of the basic of more healthy products. Thus, they also would deal with some of their weaknesses and would construct protection against future threats. 2.3 Performance Analysis Financial data can be used to analyse the performance of a company. In this manner, McDonalds performance can be analysed through their balance sheet over the period of three years. Different ratios are used in this analysis and these ratios are then used to compare the performance of McDonalds over time with regards to standards. All companies are bound by law to submit their financial statements at the end of each year. This helps analysts to observe the cause and effect relationships in the financial data provided by the company. Following is detailed analysis of McDonalds Corporation with help of their balance sheet. This data has been taken from the financial statement McDonalds submitted on their website. Balance sheet Period Ending Dec 31, 2010 Dec 31, 2009 Dec 31, 2008 Assets Current Assets Cash And Cash Equivalents 2,387,000 1,796,000 2,063,400 Short Term Investments Net Receivables 1,179,100 1,060,400 931,200 Inventory 109,900 106,200 111,500 Other Current Assets 692,500 453,700 411,500 Total Current Assets 4,368,500 3,416,300 3,517,600 Long Term Investments 1,335,300 1,212,700 1,222,300 Property Plant and Equipment 22,060,600 21,531,500 20,254,500 Goodwill 2,586,100 2,425,200 2,237,400 Intangible Assets Accumulated Amortization Other Assets 1,624,700 1,639,200 1,229,700 Deferred Long Term Asset Charges Total Assets 31,975,200 30,224,900 28,461,500 Liabilities Current Liabilities Accounts Payable 2,916,400 2,970,600 2,506,100 Short/Current Long Term Debt 8,300 18,100 31,800 Other Current Liabilities Total Current Liabilities 2,924,700 2,988,700 2,537,900 Long Term Debt 11,497,000 10,560,300 10,186,000 Other Liabilities 1,586,900 1,363,100 1,410,100 Deferred Long Term Liability Charges 1,332,400 1,278,900 944,900 Minority Interest Negative Goodwill Total Liabilities 17,341,000 16,191,000 15,078,900 Stockholders Equity Misc Stocks Options Warrants Redeemable Preferred Stock Preferred Stock Common Stock 16,600 16,600 16,600 Retained Earnings 33,811,700 31,270,800 28,953,900 Treasury Stock (25,143,400) (22,854,800) (20,289,400) Capital Surplus 5,196,400 4,853,900 4,600,200 Other Stockholder Equity 752,900 747,400 101,300 Total Stockholder Equity 14,634,200 14,033,900 13,382,600 Net Tangible Assets 12,048,100 11,608,700 11,145,200 Currency in USD 2.4 Recommendations Strategic options: Reduction of employee training spending (lowering employee turnover); Taking advantage of organic food industry popularity (develop new products for new segments); Advantage of human health problems (improvement of products). Reduction of employee training spending (lowering employee turnover). In order to reduce of employee training spending and to lower turnover, we would like to suggest: To give the job just for highly motivated people. It means, that they are going to be loyal and not to leave job so fast; To train new employees using Big Brother principle. New employees would be trained by employees, who are working longer. In this way, company reduces training spending, new employees are trained by the people, who are working inside the company and do the same things every day. To motivate employees and always take care about their expectations. It can be money premiums for good working in the end of the month (or year), some employees parties, Employee of the week (month) competition and etc.; also employer should take a look of what employee is expected from employer and try to solve that, ex. Maybe employee is not expected to get premium every month, but for good and loyal working he would like that the company would pay his child studies fee after 5 years. Taking advantage of organic food industry popularity (develop new products for new segments); McDonalds is not that company, who suggest the most organic food, so they can try: To make a line of organic food in their menu and take a look what is more popular and healthy for their customers. If it is going more popular than usual menu food, it is more worth to make all food in organic way, even it is more expensive. First of all, people like what is natural, and then they are interested in the price. To be in a partnership with scientists and doctors in order to take care of their customers heath. Everybody knows that organic food makes people feel better and healthier; also it affects nature in a good way. McDonalds declares that everything is for customer, so it must take an advantage of organic food popularity and make their customers to live healthier and in more natural way. To make big advertisement companies declaring organic food pluses and make it more popular in such way. Many people loves McDonalds food, so it has an authority and can show good example of necessity of organic food in people life and compare how organic and usual McDonalds food effect customers health and all the nature about them. Advantage of human health problems (improvement of products) McDonalds is big food supplying company, and all of us know, how food affects our health. It is one of the main factors, what built our body and strength our brains. Knowing that, McDonalds should: Suggest just high quality, improved products, which is full of vitamins and minerals. So, it means that the company must improve their products, all the food must be certificated and fit for all healthy food standards. Be in a contact with suppliers, who supply products for McDonalds food and always check if the products is natural, high standard and healthy for all of age customers. Contact with doctors, scientist and improve their products to fit for all of age customers, even they have some problems with their stomach. It means to make measures and find what is the best for all possible customers. 2.5 Conclusions The financial analysis of McDonalds says that the recovery of McDonalds after the global crises seems to be surprisingly fast and the sales growth rate continues to increase. It tries to improve customer metrics by which it can follow and decide what are the changes in the customers needs and wants, how they can satisfy these issues. The most important thing is to think globally but act locally. The later stage of the second part proposes companys current strategy. McDonalds has a specific Plan to win current strategy since 2003. These are 5Ps that are behind the Plan to Win, and it includes: People, Place, Product, Price, and Promotion. As changing requirements and instructions from clients and the government, McDonalds should study their basic products in the future.

Importance of Memory Color Essay -- Color Sight Vision Neuropsychology

Importance of Memory Color One of the most influential aspects on the quality of our lives is color. We use our perception of color every day. Without color we could not see traffic signals or enjoy sunsets, and learning techniques would be much more difficult. Color is an important function that signals and helps facilitate perceptual organization. Memory color is a phenomenon in which an object's characteristic color influences our perception of its color. The study of what colors will maximize memorization skills is important for many reasons. Human beings rely on color to keep order in our lives. Traffic signals, warning signs, and many other signals require perception of color in order to be effective. Without the use of color our world would become chaotic. Finding the colors that are most effective on memorization would increase safety and order in our lives. Also, finding the colors that best stimulate memorization could increase study skills in students, especially those with learning disabilities. Th e use of memory color could also be used in areas of business such as retail to optimize sales by using colors that are most familiar to people, and will therefore grab their attention. Furthering the study of the effect of color on memory would be beneficial in many areas. Our lives are kept in order by numerous signs, signals, and devices that provide instruction and precautions. We are constantly adapting these devices in ways that will increase our awareness of their function. Naor (2001) found that color knowledge interacts with object representation in many levels, depending upon the access level that is triggered by the stimulus. Therefore, using colors in signs and signals that are more familiar to people w... ...9 Goolsby, B. A., & Suzuki, S. (2001). Understanding priming of color-singleton search: Roles of attention at encoding and retrieval. Perception and Psychophysics Vol. 63(6), 929-944 Johnson, B. D., Altmaier, E. M.; & Richman, L.C. (1999). Attention Deficits and Reading Disabilities: Are Immedeate Memory Defects Additive? Developmental Neuropsychology, Vol 15(2), 213-227 Kido, M. (2000). Bio-psychological effects of color. Journal of International Society of Life Info. Science, Vol 18(1), 254-262 Naor Raz, G. (2001). Understanding the role of color object representation; Evidence for multiple levels of interaction. Robinson, G., & Cipolotti, L. (2001). The selective preservation of colour naming in semantic dementia. Neurocase Special Issue: Vol 7(1), 65-75 Tavussoli, N. T. (2001). Color memory and evaluations for alphebetical and logographic brand Importance of Memory Color Essay -- Color Sight Vision Neuropsychology Importance of Memory Color One of the most influential aspects on the quality of our lives is color. We use our perception of color every day. Without color we could not see traffic signals or enjoy sunsets, and learning techniques would be much more difficult. Color is an important function that signals and helps facilitate perceptual organization. Memory color is a phenomenon in which an object's characteristic color influences our perception of its color. The study of what colors will maximize memorization skills is important for many reasons. Human beings rely on color to keep order in our lives. Traffic signals, warning signs, and many other signals require perception of color in order to be effective. Without the use of color our world would become chaotic. Finding the colors that are most effective on memorization would increase safety and order in our lives. Also, finding the colors that best stimulate memorization could increase study skills in students, especially those with learning disabilities. Th e use of memory color could also be used in areas of business such as retail to optimize sales by using colors that are most familiar to people, and will therefore grab their attention. Furthering the study of the effect of color on memory would be beneficial in many areas. Our lives are kept in order by numerous signs, signals, and devices that provide instruction and precautions. We are constantly adapting these devices in ways that will increase our awareness of their function. Naor (2001) found that color knowledge interacts with object representation in many levels, depending upon the access level that is triggered by the stimulus. Therefore, using colors in signs and signals that are more familiar to people w... ...9 Goolsby, B. A., & Suzuki, S. (2001). Understanding priming of color-singleton search: Roles of attention at encoding and retrieval. Perception and Psychophysics Vol. 63(6), 929-944 Johnson, B. D., Altmaier, E. M.; & Richman, L.C. (1999). Attention Deficits and Reading Disabilities: Are Immedeate Memory Defects Additive? Developmental Neuropsychology, Vol 15(2), 213-227 Kido, M. (2000). Bio-psychological effects of color. Journal of International Society of Life Info. Science, Vol 18(1), 254-262 Naor Raz, G. (2001). Understanding the role of color object representation; Evidence for multiple levels of interaction. Robinson, G., & Cipolotti, L. (2001). The selective preservation of colour naming in semantic dementia. Neurocase Special Issue: Vol 7(1), 65-75 Tavussoli, N. T. (2001). Color memory and evaluations for alphebetical and logographic brand

What Makes a Piece Literature?

Some claims that every literature tries to make a specific point. A good writer they say always associates her opinion, ideas and thoughts in her or his masterpiece. Some produce literature purely for entertainment stressing that life is funny and humorous, some include many ironies highlighting that life is complicated and hard to understand, some literature especially those classics are for the purpose of political movement portraying the kind of values and morality the society has, some are for the purpose of religion and spirituality, some literature was made to emphasize creativity or unconventional way of creating a literature redefining the stereotypical characterization, themes, settings, conflicts and endings, and most importantly some literature are made for the purpose of persuasion. Literary works of writers especially from the past reflect their artistic interpretation of the world which is usually in the midst of inequalities, war and conflict. Literature basically speaks volumes about human ideas, emotions and nature that illustrate the kind of culture, religion and social orientation the writer has during the time he or she created it. There is no given absolute standard of what makes a piece a literature. Literature is basically the product of writer’s consciousness and experience. Literature can be always authentic or original. Most of the time, writer’s inputs in his writing is a mixture of acquired knowledge from the previous readings and his own (Elliot). In the earliest literature, the themes of something metaphysical are often explored especially in Greek and Roman literature during the time when most people were still in search of religion. One of the strongest and perhaps oldest emotions of mankind is fear, and the most intriguing fear is the fear of the unknown. The idea of fear inspires classic and contemporary writers to explore the things that cannot be seen or fully comprehended by human understanding, from the element of fear of the unknown to the exploration of something metaphysical that motivates detachment from life. As time passes by however, human interaction and attachment is increasing. There is a rapid development of ideas towards the standard of morality and ideal society. System and government arises and so inequality. Chaucer and Twain for example express their thoughts regarding inequalities of societal system through the stories and characters they created in their literature. Their works are considered timeless since the human problems they battled and experienced before are still being experience today. All literature is timeless in their own way since it explores human experience and human nature. Since everybody who can read literature is human, everybody can relate. There is no such thing as traditional literature when it comes to themes and symbolisms. What makes a literature traditional is that it was created long time ago.

Power, Privilege, and Difference a Book by Allan G. Johnson

Power, Privilege, and Difference a Book by Allan G. Johnson Allan G. Johnson, the author of the book, Power, Privilege, and Difference, provides vital information about the concept of the systems of power and privilege as applied in societies. In this book, Allan explores how the society preserves privilege, how it interacts with power, and how it can create a difference by interacting with the systems. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Power, Privilege, and Difference† a Book by Allan G. Johnson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In chapter one, he identifies the common problem and posits that all people contribute towards them. I concur with him not only on this opinion, but also on others, as pointed out in chapters two and three. Allan’s argument that all people are responsible for any problem facing the society is true and to the point. It holds that any change, constructive or destructive must originate from the people. For instance, race-related probl ems, sex, and gender are the major problems encountered in every society. They have become part of our daily life such that we hardly realise our connections with them. Basing my argument on how people intermingle with these fields on a day-to-day manner, it stands out that any inconvenience affecting these among other areas must result from the people. Though Allan focuses his views on the American society, I extend this by treating America as an illustration of a society. This comes from his implication of privilege and power in chapter two. He considers these two as the pillars upon which the entire societal conflicts are built because people have acquired title and given the mandate to handle things they have not worked for. This is true because these favour some on the expense of others. Not all can be powerful neither can all be privileged. When one has one or both, the rest feel lower-ranked and begin yearning for equality. By so doing, troubles arise affecting the whole soc iety. A way out of this quagmire is people’s cooperation regardless of ranks to influence their society for the better. Neglecting the negative implications of the two words as seen by the society, they ought to bring a change enjoyable by all members of the social system. In chapter three, the issue of capitalism is brought forward. Every social organization has its own reliable resources, which ought to be distributed uniformly to all the members. Allan points out the problem that is born when this is not the case as capitalism. From my experience, this holds everywhere. Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This brings his issue of difference. The society views it as imbalance and rejects it since it seems to be advantageous to some while it is an expense to others. According to it, all social units should be equal. The powerful should ensure that powers are not o nly felt by some but all in the society. Everyone needs not to treat himself or herself as favoured rather than similar to any other member. From all the categories of problems faced by the society, man will always play a major part to cause them in as much as he/she lives. From my view, he acts as the force or power behind every activity that happens whether good or bad. He/she is also liable of changing the situation by participating in solving the problems since he/she is able to. People only need to change their mindsets pertaining to the existence of privileges and power. They need to join hands in discussing these issues openly neglecting the shame-blame notions portrayed by many. To pose a suggestion, they need to look at the present state of the society, identify the prevailing problems, think of their relevant solutions, and then cooperate to implement them. All these calls for people’s involvement and thus Allan’s opinion that people contribute towards a pr oblem is true though it needs to be broadened to include them as part of the solution.

The Tax Burdens on Tobacco Products is Shared Between Consumers and Producers

The Tax Burdens on Tobacco Products is Shared Between Consumers and Producers Free Online Research Papers â€Å"The tax burdens of sin taxes on tobacco products is shared equally between consumers and producers† This statement is arguably incorrect. In this piece of information I am going to explain why the statement given is not true and I will show, with illustrations that producers pay less or even no tax than the final consumer. Included in this information are concepts that will be explained and applied to show the truth of this statement and how each of these concepts relates to the tax burdens of sin taxes. Briefly, this information will consist of a theoretical framework, an analysis and a conclusion where I will conclude that, according to research, consumers carry out the tax burdens of sin taxes. At the end of it all will be a bibliography, a list of resources I have used to gain data and have processed it to receive information to prove my argument correct. Sin taxes are negative externalities which are products like cigarettes and alcohol that are not beneficial to society or a person1. Everything we can buy includes a price, a cost and a producer and what their cost is. Also it leads to a concept of demand and supply3. Basically, demand is just a relationship between the quantity of a good that consumers plan to buy and the price of the good when every other influence on a buyers’ plan stay the same. Supply on the other hand is also just a relationship between the quantity of a good that producers, not consumers, plan to sell and not to buy and the price of the good when all other influences on sellers’ plans remain the same. There is a demand and supply for almost any sellable product. But when there is too much demand, the product could lead to a black market; this is an illegal way of getting an item through a much higher price. Other concepts to be introduced are the price elasticity of demand, elasticity, which includes inelasticity, unit elasticity and elasticity itself. Firstly, the price elasticity of demand, this is a unit-free measure of the responsiveness of a quantity demanded of a good to a fluctuation in price. The price elasticity of demand is calculated as follows: Price elasticity of demand = percentage change in quantity demanded / percentage change in price. To calculate this we need to know the quantity demanded at different prices. Furthermore, inelasticity refers to inelastic demand which is a demand with price elasticity 0 and 1. A good has an inelastic demand when the percentage change in quantity demanded is less than the percentage change in price: P D 0 Q A good can also have unit elasticity. This is a demand with a price elasticity of 1 which means that the percentage change in quantity demanded is equal to the percentage change in price: P 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 Q Then there is the elastic demand, now this is a demand with a price elasticity greater than 1. Therefore every other thing remains constant. This occurs when the percentage change in quantity demanded exceeds the percentage change in price. P 0 Q With the price elasticity of demand comes perfectly elastic demand and perfectly inelastic demand. Perfectly elastic demand is when its size is infinity which means that the smallest increase possible will cause an infinitely elastic large decrease in quantity demanded and perfectly inelastic demand is when the size is zero, the quantity demanded is the same at any price. Cross elasticity of demand is a method of how reactive is the demand for a good subjected to a change in the price of a substitute or a complement, example: tea for coffee. It is calculated as follows: Cross elasticity of demand = percentage change in quantity demanded / percentage change in price of substitute or complement. P ? Price of the substitute rises. And the opposite direction when the price decreases. 0 Q The curve moves outward if the substitute’s price increases, therefore it is positive cross elasticity. There are 4 relationships and are best described as perfect substitutes, substitutes, independent and complements. Perfect substitutes are infinite when the smallest increase in price of 1 good causes an infinite large increase in the quantity demanded of that item. Substitutes, when positive, but less than infinity occur when the price of an item increases, the quantity demanded of the other item also increases. They are independent when the size is 0 which means that the quantity demanded of 1 good remains constant whether the price increases or decreases. Complements however are less than 0, meaning that the quantity demanded of 1 item decreases when the price of the other increases. Income elasticity of demand refers to how responsive is the demand for a good or service subjected to a fluctuation in income when everything else is constant. For a normal good, income elastic, when it is bigger than 1, the percentage increases in the quantity demanded is greater than the percentage increase in income. While income inelastic for a normal good when it is less than 1 but bigger than 0, simply means that the percentage increase in quantity demanded is less than the percentage increase in income. Lastly, negative income elastic for an inferior good, which is less than 0, explains that when the income increases, the quantity demanded decreases. Now, moving onto the elasticity of supply. What the elasticity of supply does is to measure how responsive is the quantity supplied subjected to a change in the price of a good when everything else remains the same. It is however calculated as follows: Price elasticity of supply = percentage change in quantity supplied / percentage change in price. Perfectly inelastic supply is when the size is 0, this means that the quantity that is supplied is the same regardless of price: P S1 0 Q Perfectly elastic supply is when the size is infinite, the small increase in price causes an infinite big increase in the quantity supplied: P 0 Q These are just concept graphs to gain an understanding of the elasticity of supply. Tax incidence is the one concept that has a majority part involved with sin taxes. Tax incidence is and I quote: â€Å"the division of the burden of a tax between the buyer and the seller† This is a typical illustration and representation of the result of a tax increase on cigarettes: P S + tax S D 0 Q The point reaches new equilibrium and therefore will elasticity have a role in this change. The graph of perfect elasticity: P S + tax S Q Now that we gain an understanding of elasticity and tax incidence, it is important to know how the one affects the other. It is the tax incidence that affects elasticity. But how? If the price of cigarettes increase because sin tax has increased, some people would stop smoking because of this and some will stay constant in their smoking because it is a habit and some would just reduce by a small amount. Therefore the person that carries on smoking regardless of the price has a perfectly inelastic demand for that good whilst the person that reduces smoking has unit elastic demand. With this information we can see that tax incidence does have an effect on elasticity. According to the statement given, it is stated that the sin taxes on tobacco products are shared equally between consumers and producers. The tax can be shared partly between the consumer and producer but not equally. Therefore I disagree with this statement because if the government increases the tax on cigarettes, the price paid by the consumer can rise by the full amount and therefore pays the entire tax or by a lesser amount or nothing at all. If it’s the lesser amount, it will be partly paid by buyer and seller. If the consumers’ price does not change then the tax falls completely on the seller. To also prove my argument, according to the article, â€Å"smokers cough up† from the financial mail, 24th October 2008, it is stated that it is not the sellers of sin products that foot the tax bill, it is the consumers2. Also an approximately 52 percent of tax is paid by the consumer alone on cigarettes and 43 percent tax is paid on alcohol. Since it is not environmentally friendly to smoke, government could have increased the tax to try and make people not to pay and quit smoking. This is also where we involve the rich and the poor. The poor cannot afford it and therefore slack down or quit smoking while the rich carry on smoking; they are a good example of perfectly inelastic demand. Therefore I conclude that the above statement is incorrect because due to tax incidence and elasticity, it clearly illustrates that the final consumer is the one that pays most of the tax burdens of sin taxes on tobacco products. It will never be shared equally between producer and consumer because, the more inelastic the demand for a good, the larger the share of the sin tax pushed to the consumer, also including reasons such as environmental issues that can occur and that the sellers will want to maintain their profit margin. References: 1) investopedia.com/terms/s/sin_tax.asp 2) â€Å"Smokers cough up† Financial mail, 24th October 2008 3) PARKIN, POWELL and MATHEWS(Economics,2008) Bibliography: Economics 7th edition, 2008 o Parkin, Powell and Matthews Economics for South African students second editor o Philip Mohr, Louis Fourie and associates Economics X-kit, 2009 o Pearson, Maskew Miller Longman Grade 12 Economics o Exam study guide o Human, Van Zyl and Cele Google. Research Papers on The Tax Burdens on Tobacco Products is Shared Between Consumers and ProducersDefinition of Export QuotasAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfCapital PunishmentMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesOpen Architechture a white paperGenetic EngineeringIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

Pediculosis (All 3 types) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pediculosis (All 3 types) - Term Paper Example Pediculosis is a disease that is very infectious and can spread very fast by touch and contact with the infected person. It also spreads by fomites like sharing pillows, clothes, combs or hats with the infected person. The head louse or P. capitis and the body louse P. corporis are very similar in shape, with the head louse being slightly smaller in size. The P. pubis is very distinct is shape with claw like pincers like that of crabs. They suck blood many times in a day and reproduce very fast with a single female louse producing nearly up to ten eggs per day in its average life span of about 30 days. So if kept untreated it will spread very fast and besides causing severe itching in the infected body parts, may also cause secondary infection, furunculosis and sometimes has been known to be a vector of other diseases like the relapsing fever, trench fever and also typhus. The eggs laid by the head and body louse are shiny ovular structures known as nits and are fixed to the hair by chitin that is tenacious and so, extremely difficult to remove. The main symptoms of this infection as Craven and Hirnle (2008) tell us are that â€Å"Lice live on the skin, and their bites cause itching. Inflamed bit es can be seen along the hairline. Body lice suck blood from the skin and tend to live in the clothing, making them hard to detect. Clues to the presence of body lice are scratching and hemorrhagic lesions on the skin†(Craven and Hirnle, 2008). The louse while feeding, bites the skin and injects its saliva that causes severe itching which lead to excoriation. Pubic louse though mainly seen in the genital regions may also be found on the abdominal hairs, armpit hairs, facial hairs and in extreme cases, especially in children, on the eyelashes also. This variety is generally seen in adults and is sexually transmitted. Within a

M7A2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

M7A2 - Assignment Example For instance, the researcher may influence the results of the study by selecting one group of employees or from his favourite profession for the stress at work research, and in so doing will skew the research findings to this group or profession ignoring the other professions who still face stress at work. In order to avoid this bias the research will employ random selection of the employees sample to be interviewed for my stress at work-places research. Voice The researchers’ voice in qualitative researches is evident mostly in the interview questions of the study and he should be wary of biased or skewed results. Therefore, the researcher should always develop his questions in a neutral manner to avoid their voice hampering the research findings and results as well. In my research, I will hire the services of professionals and my friends to review my interview questions for biasness to eliminate any chance of my voice altering research findings. Conclusion Therefore, researc hers in order to gain credibility of their research they should be wary of their voice and reflexivity influencing research findings. ... In this regard, employees are bound to balance work place demands as well as stresses that originate outside the work place. Today, most of the employees through their unions have considered going to court to fight for the improvement of their working environment, which they claim to be very stressful. According to Ross and Altmaier (2007), there are many bodies that have been formed by the authorities to scale down the stress rendered to the employees at the work place. These are stresses that are brought about by the inattention of the employer to provide a conducive atmosphere for the employees. Similar to any life challenge, stress has become one of the life challenges that need to be contained and controlled; in this case, there are some proposed ways of managing stress at the work place. Employees are advised to consider that they need to take personal responsibility by improving on their emotional and physical well-being. There is also the option of communication skills improv ement with co-workers and the management. Finally, one should avoid certain pitfalls by identifying those knee jerk habits and the attitudes aggravate the level of stress (Stranks, 2005). The researcher seeks to understand the percentage of employees in the work place who have a feeling that they are working in a stressful environment and the source of the stress whether from or outside the work place. Qualitative Methodology: Grounded Theory Method In the research to follow, the qualitative tradition used is the grounded theory, whereby the normal research processes is reversed. Instead of the hypothesis being developed before the actual data is collected, inductive and deductive reasoning is

TechWatt Value and Risk Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

TechWatt Value and Risk Management - Case Study Example These are TechWatt's presently known five requirements. First, fulfil the perception of value in making such a move. Second, provide enough space for 15 people working in a laboratory and light manufacturing. Third, provide enough office space for 12 managers and administrative staff. Fourth, provide space (e.g., a conference room) to accommodate visiting customers and prospects. Two conference rooms are preferable so when visitors use one, TechWatt employees have the other as needed. Fifth, TechWatt has 5 million to make a headquarters. These pre-project objectives are an incomplete "preferred solution". It's an 'initial brief' with too little information to proceed to Strategic Briefing. TechWatt makes software-hardware products. Constructing a headquarters facility is new with many unknowns. TechWatt will rely strongly on its Architect to be the Lead Consultant (LC) responsible to apprise the company of occurring new developments at each step, and giving good advice. Using the LC's experience is the smart approach to manage and try to optimise value and minimise risk, and do a Strategic Briefing. TechWatt must more thoroughly define value. The Architect/LC is in the best position to help clearly and concisely define and communicate value priorities and measurable expectations. This joint-effort Study uses RIBA's Plan of Work to clearly define value. Using RIBA methods, the LC shall guide TechWatt's work to identify and develop requirements (value), as well as identify constraints possibly blocking development. This is 'Work Stage A' or the inception of the Headquarters Project (HQP). Stage A / Inception requires careful considerations, or appraisals of as many things as it is possible to see about the HQP. The output of the Inception/Appraisal is a Strategic Briefing which is 'Stage B'. The Strategic Briefing shall define measurable value for the HQP. To make these determinations TechWatt shall work in conjunction with the LC. For now, all parties are evaluating the initial brief. Needed: Strategic Briefing with clarity - RIBA Work Stages A and B TechWatt needs to clearly determine future goals and scope of the HQP. Between now and the future, there is a gap to bridge. Management perceives value of the HQP as a bridge across the gap. TechWatt management has a Business Case mindset to support the aim to make a new headquarters. Business factors must stay in focus. Emotions must not override them. TechWatt's executive management team and front-line management (hands-on software and hardware experts) are best suited to clarify ideas for a Strategic Briefing about headquarters. To successfully launch the HQP, management must clearly define but not be limited to: - expected value added to TechWatt by the new headquarters, - 'must have' resources (accommodations, capabilities, etc.) in the new headquarters, - 'nice to have' resources (but possible to live without), - people and machines to make headquarters run well into the future, - trade-offs - pros and cons to of creating headquarters or not (cost of "Doing nothing"), - actual costs (Quantity Surveyor with input of Production, Purchasing and Accounting), and - opportunity costs (money lost by not doing certain opportunities; brainstormed largely by

Electrochemical cell lab Aim Essay Example for Free

Electrochemical cell lab Aim Essay Aim :- To find out the feasibility of a redox reaction by looking at the cell potential of the reaction . Quantitative observation The table below shows the values of cell potential that were recorded when the experiment was performed Reaction Cell potential (ÂÂ ±0.01V) CuSO4 and ZnSO4 0.99V CuSO4 and AgNO3 0.64V Ag 1.39V Qualitative Observation Reaction Obsevrations CuSO4 and ZnSO4 Copper sulphate turns from clear to blue , whereas zinc sulphate remains colorless CuSO4 and AgNO3 Copper sulphate is blue in color , silver nitrate is colorless Ag Data processing Experiment 1 Zn(s) - Zn2+ (aq) + 2e- (aq) Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- (aq) - Cu (s) Cu2+ (aq) + Zn(s) - Cu(s) + Zn2+ (aq) Experiment 2 Cu(s) - Cu2+ (aq)+ 2e- (aq) Ag+(aq) + e- (aq) - Ag(s) Cu(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) - Cu2+ (Aq) + 2Ag (s) Experiment 3 Zn(s) - Zn2+ (aq) + 2e- (aq) Ag+ (aq) + e- (aq)- Ag(s) Zn(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) - Zn2+ (aq) + 2Ag (s) The table below shows the literature values for the respective cell potential Reaction Cell potential (ÂÂ ±0.01V) CuSO4 and ZnSO4 0.34V CuSO4 and AgNO3 0.46 V. Ag 1.10 V Error percentage = (|difference between the literature and experimental value|)/(the literature value )x100 = (|0.34V 0.99V|)/(0.34V) x100 = 191.17% We can similarly find the error percentages for other cell potentials also The table below shows the respective error percentages of each of the cell potential Reaction Error percentage CuSO4 and ZnSO4 191.17% CuSO4 and AgNO3 39.13% Ag 16.36% Theory Electrochemical cells In an electrochemical cell, electricity is produced through chemical reactions. There consist two electrodes: the negative electrode and the positive electrode. At the negative electrode

1950s Movie Essay: Rebel Without A Cause -- Movies Film

1950s Movie Essay: Rebel Without A Cause Introduction Rebel Without A Cause is a very popular film from 1955. It depicts life in the 1950's from the viewpoint of three teenagers who live in Los Angeles, California. They live in a comfortable environment in middle-class America. However, they must deal with their own inabilities to "fit" into society. The teens try to fit in with their peers and find the love they so desperately need from their families and others like their peers. The biases presented in the film's are based on cultural values form the 1950s. Rebel Without A Cause also compares to some of the data presented in the text Nation of Nations. The film also compares to the general view America has of the period of the 1950s. For these reasons, Rebel Without A Cause is an essential film in understanding the 1950s. Film's Cultural Values or Biases of the 1950's The film tells a tale of the restless and somewhat misunderstood rebellious and defiant American youth. The film highlights the conformance of 1950s America, through the eyes of the main character, who faces a new school environment and unsporting or ‘loving' parents. Though the film could be seen as bias, by portraying all 1950s youths as rebellious and engaging in "chickie runs" and knife fights, who would rather go against the grain of society, the film instead uses this bias to portray more of the internal seeking of youthful acceptance and love that all teens of this period were seeking, through rebelliousness and acts of promiscuity. This film has achieved cult status through the years as was the springboard for other 1950s movies trying to portray the same exploitation of teenage rebellion and delinquency. Perhaps what makes this film of ... ...tion of the teens who were fighting so hard to buck the system and break into their own independence. By the mid-50's, teens were becoming more rebellious, listening to Elvis Presley's music, and wearing clothing that had not been previously acceptable fashion. Prior to the 1950's, children were to be seen and not heard. This movie epitomized the struggle of the younger crowd in the 1950's -- they fought to break free, stand tall, and make an impact on the world around them, regardless of how tough that would be for them. It is important for us to remember that the 1950's were above all, a time of change. Everyone adjusted to those changes differently, but the younger population faced an evolving world that was at times scary and intimidating, as well as exciting and captivating. Learning to balance the changes with the things that stayed the same was the true battle.

Gwen Harwood Analysis Essay

In â€Å"The Violets,† the persona experiences a transition from childhood innocence to experience, sparking the process of maturation. This idea of childhood innocence is a Romantic ideal, and the process of growth that one experiences from this state of innocence to adulthood takes place when the persona learns about the inevitability of time. The dialogue, â€Å"Where’s morning gone?† is representative of this realisation, with the rhetorical question reflecting the child’s confusion at this stage of life when one is innocent and unburdened by certain mature knowledge. Also, the noun, â€Å"thing,† in the emotive lines, â€Å"used my tears to scold the thing that I could not grasp or name that, while I slept, had stolen from me,† refers to time and its namelessness symbolises the fact that it is abstract and unreturning, and incomprehensible to a child. This is what makes a child innocent and, Romantically invested; this is what Harwood is shown to value through her poetry. The emotive word, â€Å"tears,† and the dramatic verb, â€Å"stolen,† further exemplifies the harsh realities that accompany maturation and signify a loss of innocence. In these lines of the third stanza, there is a tone of sadness and despondency as the persona comes to terms with what the inevitability of time means for one’s life: that, regardless of when the process of maturation begins, one’s time is always limited. As Harwood’s poetry deals with the significant universal themes of personal growth, maturation and loss of innocence In addition, the persona’s experience of maturation is reflected in the growth of the violets and other natural references, further demonstrating the Romantic influence within this poem. Throughout the poem, there is an extended connection between nature and humanity, a connection which once manifested as a Romantic ideal. In the third stanza, set in the past, there is a description of the violets as â€Å"spring violets in their loamy bed,† with the descriptive terms, â€Å"spring,† and, â€Å"loamy,† creating imagery of youth and rejuvenation, reflecting the persona’s also youthful state at this time.  This is contrasted with the first stanza, set in the present-tense, where the violets are described as â€Å"frail,† and, â€Å"melancholy,† in the context, â€Å"I kneel to pick frail, melancholy flowers,† and invest the poem with notions of decline, representing the inevitability of the growth and aging of all life, human or non-human. In this stanza, the persona is also older, and so, the imagery of the violets reflects the growth and change of the persona. Furthermore, the persona’s acceptance of growth and decline, and therefore the persona’s process of maturation is represented by the natural reference to â€Å"dusk,† another Romantic reference, in the context, â€Å"dusk surrendered pink and white to blurring darkness.† The descriptive term, â€Å"blurring,† which is symbolic of blurring the line between acceptance and rebellion against the inevitabilities of life, marks the point when maturation begins as the child decides to accept this. Also, the descriptive colours, â€Å"pink and white,† carry connotations of softness and calm, reflecting the persona’s experience of solace after the transitional period of growth into maturity. The time of â€Å"dusk,† is also symbolic of wanning life, again, Romantically connecting nature and humanity as they share the same inevitable life cycle. Memories: In â€Å"The Violets† Harwood connects the power of memory with Romantic ideals to reveal the futility in resisting the unstoppable cycle of life. You may have noticed that throughout the poem, there is a motif of the violets. These flowers are an element of nature, an entity of high value to Romantics, and they are symbolic of remembrance and memory. The violets are presented in the poem’s present-tense introduction, â€Å"I kneel to pick frail, melancholy flowers.† Through the descriptive words, â€Å"frail,† and, â€Å"melancholy,† nature becomes a reflection of humanity, as the violets, which, in this case, carry a tone of weakness and decline, mirror the state of the persona at this time. This idea that all life, including both nature and humanity, inevitably faces degradation is highlighted when this present-tense description of the violets, a Romantically valued aspect of nature, is contrasted with the past-tense description in the idealised memories of the persona. Within these memories, which are identified through a structural indentation, the violets are described as being â€Å"spring violets in their  loamy bed,† with the descriptive terms, â€Å"spring,† and, â€Å"loamy,† creating imagery of youth and rejuvenation, and again acting as a reflection of the persona’s condition and age. Just as nature experiences a cycle, as does humanity, and, through a Romantic perspective, this exemplifies the idea that is the force of nature cannot overcome the trials of time, then neither can other forms of life. This realisation is represented through a contrast in the past and present states of life, demonstrated through the power of memory, and leads to an acceptance of the inevitable life cycle which is propelled by time. In â€Å"The Violets,† it can be seen that within the stanzas that portray memories, there is evidence of Harwood’s religious faith, demonstrating the power with which Harwood invests this theme. In the childhood memory of the persona, her mother-like figure likens to Christian images of the Virgin Mary who often held purple violets, and which were symbolic of her humility in confronting the ending of life. This is because the violets, in terms of this religious iconography, symbolise mourning, foreshadowing the death of Christ, and therefore the inevitable suffering and death of humanity. This connection between religious faith and past memories emphasises the importance of memory from a religious perspective, reminding the reader that even Biblical figures experienced the grief associated with death. Throughout the poem, there is a motif of light, specifically, references to â€Å"lamplit presences,† a metaphor for memory. This idea of â€Å"light,† conn ects to Biblical images of Christ, who was believed to be â€Å"the light of the world,† and to give, â€Å"the light of life.† This is an allusion to the ‘eternal life,’ and, in conjunction with her past memories, this motif of light lightens the burden of looming death. Through memories of the violets and maternal relations, Harwood highlights religious undertones to facilitate the acceptance of dying through the power of memory, an important theme in Harwood’s poetry. Death: â€Å"The Violets† is invested with anxieties about death and aging, and Harwood projects the theme of death onto nature and its cycles, a Romantic ideal. Elements of nature, specifically the violets, are described as â€Å"melancholy,†Ã‚  and, â€Å"frail,† in the context, â€Å"I kneel to pick frail, melancholy flowers.† These descriptive words represent the degradation of life which accompanies time. The time of day, â€Å"dusk,† another Romantic reference to nature, is, in a way, connected to the persona, as it is a time of transition, much like the status of the child who experiences the transition from fearing and fighting her approaching demise, to accepting the inevitability of time. When â€Å"dusk† is referenced in the context, â€Å"dusk surrendered pink and white to blurring darkness,† it becomes a metaphorical representation of the persona succumbing to death, emphasised by the descriptive term, â€Å"blurring,† whi ch is symbolic of blurring the line between acceptance and rebellion. The descriptive colours, â€Å"pink and white,† carry connotations of softness and calm, reflecting the persona’s experience of solace after the transitional period. The time of â€Å"dusk,† is also symbolic of wanning life, Romantically connecting nature and life. Harwood explores the notion of dying and how crucial it is to accept this. Harwood was highly religious and this is revealed through her poetry, particularly in â€Å"The Violets,† which deals with themes of death and explores the transience of time. Harwood presents her audience with funerary imagery. For example, the oxymoron, â€Å"ashes and loam,† in the description, â€Å"flowers among ashes and loam,† is suggestive of traditional funerary rights, referencing the â€Å"ashes to ashes† custom, and the idea of dirt being thrown on a coffin, with the noun, â€Å"flowers,† also being symbolic of placing flowers at a grave. By connecting religion and death, Harwood uses her faith to console herself about age and decline. When the child of the poem experiences the revelation of the powers of time, which she, symbolic of her childhood ignorance and innocence, refers to metaphorically as, â€Å"the thing I could not grasp or name,† she becomes distraught, and cannot undo what she has learnt. This alludes to the Biblical â€Å"Tree of Knowledge,† with the information being irreversibly gained, and causing sorrow, represented through the emotive words, â€Å"tears,† and, â€Å"scold,† in the metaphor, â€Å"[I] used my tears to scold the thing,† with, â€Å"the thing,† again symbolising time. Harwood reflects the need to understand and accept the process of aging as it is essential for well-being. Through religious references to death and aging, Harwood comments on the inevitability of facing decline and  degradation. Relationships: Harwood demonstrates a value of relationships, and, â€Å"The Violets,† influenced by Romantic ideals, demonstrates the idea that relationships assist one with the revelation that humanity is fleeting. Throughout the poem, filial bonds are surrounded with connotations of warmth, comfort and consolation. When the child first discovers that the day has escaped her, her mother attempts to console her, â€Å"she†¦carried me downstairs to see spring violets in their loamy bed.† The references to birth and innocence, through the metaphor, â€Å"spring violets in their loamy bed,† not only reminds the audience of the transience of youth, a reference to the Romantic value of childhood innocence, but, when in conjunction with the verb, â€Å"carried,† highlights the role of family in understanding and accepting this fleetingness. The embedded section of the final stanza presents a Romanticised, idealised memory of family and connection. Harwood describes the image, â€Å"my father†¦with tenderness stroking my mother’s goldbrown hair.† The nouns, â€Å"father,† and, â€Å"mother,† represent these filial connections, while the connotative terms, â€Å"tenderness,† and, â€Å"goldbrown,† invoke sentiments of harmony, warmth and security. Through these connections between relationships and cosiness, Harwood demonstrates the impact of relationships upon accepting the inevitability of death. Harwood’s religious faith resonates throughout â€Å"The Violets,† and exemplifies the comfort and support bought about by relationships. Just as Mary consoled Christ, this poem alludes to the Fall of Man, with the mother figure providing comfort for her child, similarly to Mary. When the child realises the suffering that accompanies mortality, she describes her mother’s role, â€Å"she dried my tearful face as I sobbed.† The verb, â€Å"dried,† is representative of a mother’s care, easing her child’s sorrow about the trials of life. The reference to â€Å"Kedron Brook,† in the final stanza, â€Å"stone-curlews call from Kedron Brook,† refers to Harwood’s hometown, and carries connotations of the family connections which reside there. This is also a Biblical reference, as it connects to the brook of Kedron in Jerusalem. Christ had to cross this brook, and it marks the location where  he made peace with his Father , God. The persona metaphorically crosses her brook of Kedron, and in doing so, makes peace with her parents, who have consoled her, and therefore makes her peace with dying. These universal symbols of religion, in association with family and childhood connections, ease the acceptance of mortality. Artistic Creativity or Passion: N/A â€Å"Father and Child†: Maturation and Growth: In â€Å"Father and Child,† Harwood presents a threshold, defining experience of the persona, making it a transition from innocence to experience. . The opening word of the first part of the poem, â€Å"Barn Owl,† is â€Å"daybreak,† and this foreshadows that the child will experience an awakening which sparks the process of maturation. The persona of the poem experiences a loss of innocence with the discovery of the tragedy of death. Before shooting the owl, the child believes they are the â€Å"master of life and death,† with the noun, â€Å"master,† reflecting the power that the child feels and the ignorance that the child has about the nature of death. This description of the child is later contrasted in the fourth stanza, â€Å"I watched, afraid by the fallen gun, a lonely child who believed death clean and final, not this obscene bundle of stuff.† The emotive term, â€Å"afraid,† represents the change in the persona’s attitude after being exposed to the harsh reality that is mortality. Also, the growth and maturation in the persona is exemplified by the juxtaposition, by way of contrast, between the descriptive terms, â€Å"clean,† and, â€Å"obscene,† which show both the child’s previous ignorance and their new found knowledge. This stanza is invested with religious imagery which further denotes the child’s loss of innocence. The reference to the â€Å"fallen gun,† is a Biblical allusion which symbolises the Fall of Man and reflects the idea that knowledge has been acquired and knowledge is unreturnable. Furthermore, the title of the poem, â€Å"Barn owl,† contains the noun, â€Å"owl,† which is both a religious symbol of death and a symbol of wisdom, foreshadowing that knowledge and wisdom is accompanied by the process of maturation. Finally, the dialogue,  "End what you have begun,† is  an imperative command which refers to the process of maturation and carries with it the idea that maturation is inevitable and must occur as a part of life. In part II of â€Å"Father and Child,† â€Å"Nightfall,† the same idea about growth and maturation is carried through. In this part of the poem, the persona accepts the inevitability of death and therefore completes the process of maturation. The second stanza contains the line, â€Å"since there’s no more to taste,† which is a Biblical allusion to the apple and the Tree of Knowledge in the Garden of Eden, symbolising the fact that there is nothing left to gain from the process of maturation. Romantic references to nature connect the natural world with humanity and demonstrate that growth and the life cycle are inevitable for all forms of life. The natural reference, â€Å"sunset,† in the fourth stanza line, â€Å"sunset exalts its known symbols of transience,† is symbolic of decline and, as referenced, of transience, and this transitional period marks the persona’s transition from innocence to experience which accompanies decline and aging. By extension, the verb, â€Å"done,† in the final lines of the sixth stanza, â€Å"your marvellous journey’s done,† emphasises the conclusion of maturation, which is further highlighted by the lines of the final stanza, â€Å"the child once quick to mischief, grown to learn what sorrows, in the end, no words, no tears can mend.† The verbs, â€Å"grown,† and, â€Å"learn,† represent the maturity and knowledge gained by the persona, with the nameless, â€Å"what,† referring again to the harsh reality of death. Memories and Death: Part I of â€Å"Father and Child,† demonstrates the memory of a defining experience and shows significance due to this moment’s impact on the rest of the persona’s life. This poem is related in the past-tense, as if told as an anecdote, a memory or reflection upon a threshold experience on one’s life. Throughout the first three stanzas of the poem, there is a tone of mischief and playfulness, however, this turns to a tone of lamentation for the remainder of the poem, conveying the power of this memory to bring the shock of the realisation and knowledge about the trauma of death. This memory is so significant because of what it begins; maturation, and because of what it  teaches the persona. The child, stealing the father’s power to take life, sees himself as the â€Å"master of life and death,† a power which the child does not understand, and this is highlighted by the description of the child as the â€Å"wisp-haired judge,† which j uxtaposes, by way of connection, ideas of youth and ignorance. Ironically, the child is breaking both the law of man, and, in a Biblical sense, the laws of God, referred to in the Old Testament: â€Å"Ye shalt not kill,† and, â€Å"honour thy father and thy mother.† The child acts as Eve did in the Garden of Eden, giving into the temptation of the â€Å"horny fiend,† and eating from the Tree of Knowledge. This causes a loss of innocence as knowledge about death is gained, a significant realisation of growing up, and therefore a significant childhood memory. The child wrongfully objectifies the owl, metaphorically labelling it as his â€Å"prize.† The synecdoche, â€Å"punish beak and claw,† further represents this and the fact that the child can only see and focus on parts of the owl, symbolically denotes the fact that that the child is blind to the enormity of what they are about to do. The first three stanzas are invested with a tone of suspense, for example, the line, â€Å"holding my breath,† and, the short, sharp sentence, â€Å"my first shot struck.† This reflects the immensity of the event, and therefore the place of this memory in the child’s life as significant. The visceral imagery of stanzas five and six further exemplifies the horror of the moment and why it has become embedded in the persona’s memory. The verbs, â€Å"dropped,† â€Å"dribbled,† â€Å"tangling,† and, â€Å"hobbled,† are used to describe the actions of the dying owl, and â€Å"the bundle of stuff,† that falls out of its body. These verbs each carry connotations of mess, shock, and revulsion, and, in conjunction with the nouns, â€Å"bowels,† and, â€Å"blood,† the gravity of what the child has done is reflected, and thus becomes a defining memory for the child. Part II of â€Å"Father and Child,† demonstrates the adult life of the persona in â€Å"Nightfall,† and the impact of their defining childhood memory, in which they discovered the truth about death and learn to accept this. Harwood turns to her Romantic ideals to soothe the gravity of knowledge acquired and understand what was learnt in the memory of killing the owl. The persona turns to nature, a Romantic ideal, focusing on images of abundance and fertility to counter the childhood memory of â€Å"Barn Owl,† which is so full of  death. The persona reflects, â€Å"you keep a child’s delight for ever in birds, flowers and shivery-grass.† The nouns, â€Å"birds,† â€Å"flowers,† and, â€Å"grass,† are all elements of nature and carry pleasant connotations of imagery of a peaceful landscape full of life and living things, however, death makes its ubiquitous presence even in the descriptions of nature, â€Å"sunset exalts its known symbols of transience.† Sunset symbolises finality and a conclusion, foreshadowing her father’s deaths, and the reference to â€Å"transience,† highlights the Romantic sensibility that shapes the imagery in the poem, for the Romantic poets were focused on the transience of humanity’s existence. By introducing death into this natural reference, the responder is shown that the childhood memory of the owl’s death has had an impact on the rest of their life, however, it is accepted with the assistance of the solace which is provided by nature. Relationships: Similarly, Harwood shows, through both parts of the poem, â€Å"Father and Child,† that fathers are significant figures in one’s life, acting as a guide through childhood and assisting in the process of maturation. This idea is highlighted by religious allusions. In â€Å"Barn Owl,† Harwood employs a Biblical allusion to the Fall of Man symbolically through the child dropping the gun with which they shot the owl, â€Å"I watched, afraid, by the fallen gun.† This references the fact that the child has now learned the horrible truth about death, with the emotive word, â€Å"afraid,† emphasising the child’s response of shock, and the child’s now new and unreturnable knowledge of death. However, later in this poem, the father arrives, â€Å"my father reached my side, gave me the fallen gun. â€Å"End what you have begun.†Ã¢â‚¬  The positional verb, â€Å"side,† highlights the father’s relationship with his son as one of significance as he is providing support and comfort with the realisation of death, a catalyst for maturation. Also, this second allusion of the â€Å"fallen gun,† with the father picking it up, is symbolic of a father’s assistance and guide through maturation. The dialogue, â€Å"End what you have begun,† is an imperative command which further identifies the father’s strength and teaching role in a child’s life, with this command referencing the fact that the child must continue with the process of maturation as it is a significant aspect of life, however, the father’s presence indicates that  filial relations can help with this process. In the second part of this poem, â€Å"Nightfall,† the persona learns, through their father, the need to accept death, and so concludes the passage of maturation. Harwood describes the father’s acceptance of death, â€Å"you find, with your white stick the path on which you turn home,† the noun â€Å"home,† is a Biblical reference to returning to God in heaven, and, by the father accepti ng that death will come and this will happen, he allows his child to learn that death cannot be stopped, no matter how horrific it is. The poem comments on the success of the father’s role, â€Å"with the child once quick to mischief, grown to learn what sorrows, in the end, no words, not tears can mend.† These final lines of the poem denote the child’s acceptance of knowledge regarding death, conceding, with the aid of a relationship with their father, that death is inevitable, and that a finality of maturation comes with the acceptance of humanity’s transience. These two poems, through religious references, show how one’s relationship with their father can prepare them for the knowledge that accompanies adulthood. Harwood’s poem, â€Å"Father and Child,† also employs Romantic elements and presents the idea that when one progresses from childhood to adulthood, a loss of innocence is experienced, however, through the guidance of relationships, this transition is facilitated and a semblance of innocence may be maintained. Throughout â€Å"Barn Owl,† the owl, an element of nature, is symbolic of wisdom and death, and through the child’s actions of killing the owl, he gains the wisdom and knowledge of mortality, and in doing so, experiences a loss of innocence. Childhood innocence is of specific value to the Romantics, and the father’s assistance in this experience of gaining knowledge of death attempts to ease this loss. The verb, â€Å"leaned,† and the emotive word, â€Å"wept,† in the lines of the final stanza, â€Å"I leaned my head upon my father’s arm and wept,† represents the child’s close filial bond with their father and the comfort that such a significant human relationship can bring. This position of the child leaning on the father, also maintains the child’s youthful and vulnerable persona, symbolising that comfort from a father can maintain at least a skerrick of innocence. In the second part of the poem, â€Å"Nightfall,† the roles are reversed slightly, with the father using his relationship with his child to return to a place of innocence  before death. In the fifth stanza, the lines, â€Å"you keep a child’s delight for ever in birds, flowers, shivery grass,† contain a cumulative list of natural elements, a connection to Romantic values which symbolise the father’s regaining of innocence. This is made possible through his relationship with his child, represented through the metaphor of the â€Å"child’s delight,† existing within nature, and since nature is eternal, according to the Romantics, this demonstrates that innocence can be preserved forever, to be regained before, and to facilitate one’s passage into death. Harwood combines a value of nature with the theme of significant relationships to exemplify their ability in easing the trials and tribulations of life. â€Å"Triste, Triste†: Memory and Artistic Human Expression: Harwood’s â€Å"Triste, Triste,† is influenced by her religious values, and highlights the timeless value of divine moments in which one feels close to God. The juxtaposition of the spiritual and transcendent coital experience represented in this poem is connected with the resurrection of Christ. The Biblical allusion, â€Å"body rolls back like a stone, and risen spirit walks to Easter light,† contains the simile, â€Å"body rolls back like a stone,† which connects the body in the spiritual post-coital moments with the stone in front of Jesus’ tomb. This connection highlights how such experiences can bring one’s spirit closer to God. Also, the reference to a â€Å"risen spirit,† at Easter-time, further connects the persona’s euphoric and transcendent spiritual experience with the resurrection of Jesus, and therefore connects the persona with God. Since religion is still a significant aspect of humanity, â€Å"Triste, Triste,† appeals to a broad audience. From a religious interpretation, the audience is reminded of the power of God over the mundane existence of humans. During the divine experience of the spirit after intercourse, when one is connected with God, the heart, the symbol of one’s physical being has to call the spirit back to the body, â€Å"And heart from its prison cries to the spirit walking above.† The term, â€Å"prison,† is a metaphor for the body and reminds the audience of humanity’s mortality. Harwood uses her religious values to demonstrate the timeless and universal value of divine and transcendent experiences. However, she also concedes  that transcendent moments do not last forever, which is perhaps what makes them so significant. In â€Å"Triste, Triste,† Harwood uses Romantic elements to highlight the inspiration and joy that can be achieved through human creativity, and since everyone deserves this kind of human expression, Harwood’s poem holds a broad appeal. The dialogue in the poem, â€Å"remember me,† contains the emotive word, â€Å"remember,† and references the idea that Harwood is using artistic creativity and expression, values of Romanticism, to preserve a part of herself in the present and future, so that, after death, she will remain and be remembered. This invokes a sense of joy which is required by everyone, especially when reminded of the mortality and transience of humanity, and therefore demonstrates the value of Harwood’s poetry. The final line of the poem, â€Å"to peace in the paradise of sleep,† includes the verb, â€Å"sleep,† which alludes to the notion of dreams, and dreams are a place where imagination and creativity is unleashed, and, in conjunction with the emotive term, â€Å"peace,† exemplifies the idea that solace may be found through artistic creativity and expression. Since creativity is widely valued by society, Harwood’s poetry holds significant and broad appeal. Relationships: â€Å"Triste, Triste,† explores the importance of intense human relationships through the influence of Romantic elements. This poem is filled with romantic physical connections, for example, the post-coital contact of â€Å"eyes against shoulder,† with the positional verb, â€Å"against,† signifying the comfort that can be drawn from a relationship, and from human experience. This idea of intense human experience is a Romantic value, and Harwood invests this into her poetry as a way of idealising life’s defining moments, such as defining relationships. During the coital experience, the persona experienced a transcendent spiritual awakening, another Romantic value. With reference to the soul, the final stanza explains, â€Å"[the spirit] falls from its dream to the deep to harrow heart’s prison.† The metaphor, â€Å"falls from its dream,† reflects the soul returning to the body after such an intense expression of a relationship. During the divine experience of the spirit after intercourse, the heart, the symbol of one’s physical being has to call  the spirit back to the body, â€Å"And heart from its prison cries to the spirit walking above.† The term, â€Å"prison,† is a metaphor for the body and reminds the audience of humanity’s mortality, and therefore of humanity’s fleetingness. However, Harwood demonstrates that relationships can provide solace after this realisation of mortality and of the transience of human life and experience. This is emphasised by the emotive words, â€Å"loved,† and, â€Å"comfort,† in the first lines of the final stanza, â€Å"so the loved other is held for mortal comfort,† which further exemplify the powerful abilities of relationships, as the persona, is comforted after their soul returns to their body. This poem is also invested with Harwood’s religious ideals as she personally valued religion and used her poetry to explain that relationships with individuals can bring one closer to God. The juxtaposition of the spiritual and transcendent coital experience represented in this poem is connected with the resurrection of Christ. The Biblical allusion, â€Å"body rolls back like a stone, and risen spirit walks to Easter light,† is both symbolic of a physical relationship with another human, and of a divine spiritual relationship with God. This allusion contains the simile, â€Å"body rolls back like a stone,† which connects the body in the spiritual post-coital moments with the stone in front of Jesus’ tomb, therefore connecting the persona with Jesus via an intense spiritual relationship. Also, the reference to a â€Å"risen spirit,† at Easter-time, further connects the persona’s euphoric and transcendent spiritual experience with the resurrec tion of Jesus, and therefore established a relationship between the persona and God. â€Å"AT MORNINGTON†: Response about MEMORY: Harwood’s poem, â€Å"At Mornington,† also utilises ideas of memory and Romantic influence to understand the process of life. The Romantics valued the personal experience, and the use of first person within this poem represents the idea of personal and emotional memories. The personal pronoun, â€Å"I,† in the experience, â€Å"I leapt from my father’s arms,† emphasises the persona’s personal memories with nature, with the verb, â€Å"leapt,† reflecting the enthusiastic embrace of nature. This action of carelessly leaping into the  water is symbolic of a child’s ignorance of death, due to innocence and youth, another Romantic value. The personal disposition of the poem allows the persona to emulate her spiritual connection to the divinity of nature. In a memory, signified by a structural indentation, the persona recounts, â€Å"I dreamed once, long ago, that we walked among day-bright flowers.† The use of personal pronouns, â€Å"I,† and, â€Å"we,† again symbolises the Romantic element of personal reflection. The description, â€Å"day-bright,† is symbolic of life and youth, and is later contrasted with â€Å"night;† being representative of death and ending, in the recollection, â€Å"then, as night fell, you said, â€Å"There is still some water left over.† This dialogue, containing the symbolic noun, â€Å"water,† portrays the acceptance of death, through nature, as it provides the semblance that regardless of what age brings, memories, symbolically represented through, â€Å"water,† will always survive. Harwood demonstrates the power of memory to change one’s perception of mortality. Again, â€Å"At Mornington,† like â€Å"The Violets,† is invested with religious imagery, in association with Harwood’s representation of the theme of memory and the important role it plays in life. Water is a repetitive symbol throughout the poem, and when the persona revisits the memory of leaping into the ocean in the poem’s introductory stanza, it appears reminiscent of baptism, a ritual cleansing required before death, returning the persona to a time of innocence and connecting to cyclic ideas. There is also a Biblical allusion to Jesus walking on water, with the persona conceding, â€Å"I remember believing as a child, I could walk on water,† with the noun, â€Å"child,† representing naivety and innocence, again referencing the idea of returning to a time of religious and spiritual purification, with the noun, â€Å"water,† again symbolising memory, and how returning to childhood memories, where innocence and purity manifests, one can spiritually prepare themselves for death. The motif of light, reflected in memories, and in the present, represents the everlasting need of the human condition to return to a time of purity before death, referencing the religious belief of heaven, and providing a semblance of hope and security, facilitating the acceptance of death with the promise of an afterlife. Harwood relates the idea that memory provides a religious education which raises emotions of hope and solace regarding the gravity of death. Response about LIFE, DEATH and AGING: Harwood closely examines the human experience in her poem, â€Å"At Mornington,† and represents the inevitable force of death through Romantic values. There is a motif of water throughout the poem, an element of nature, and of value, and therefore an indicative component of Romantic idealism. For example, the noun, â€Å"wave,† in the recount, â€Å"I†¦was caught by a wave and rolled like a doll,† is representative of the inevitable and overpowering force of nature, time and death, emphasised by the simile, â€Å"like a doll,† which demonstrates the powerlessness of humanity in the face of such a force. The fact that this is a personal reflection, portrayed through the use of personal pronouns, such as, â€Å"I,† is another Romantic element, and highlights Harwood’s idea that everyone must come to terms with the transience of life through the human experience. This idea that the human experience prepares one for death is emphasised by the cumulative list, â€Å"I†¦am rolled in one grinding race of dreams, pain, memories, love and grief.† This list encapsulates the human condition, and Harwood suggests that one experiences these entities with age, and they prepare one for death and enable them to accept the decline accompanied by time. Harwood’s poem, when viewed Romantically demonstrates the power of time and death. Harwood invests â€Å"At Mornington,† with her own religious reliance, and, uses this to demonstrate the theme of death as part of a spiritual cycle. The Biblical allusion, â€Å"as the drying face of land rose out of the earth’s seamless waters,† references the book of Genesis which contains the parable of the Great Flood, meant to cleanse humanity of sin. This allusion refers to preparing one for death, by cleansing their soul. Harwood comments on the spiritual and emotional acceptance that occurs with age and an understanding of death. Also, the metaphorical, â€Å"hand,† in the final stanza, â€Å"I am seized†¦.no hand will save me,† references the ‘hand of God,’ and the fact that God cannot prevent death as it is a part of the cycle of life, and, as a devout Christian, Harwood, and the persona in the poem are reconciled to the idea of death by holding faith in God and the promise of a peaceful afterlife, demonstrated by the emotive word, â€Å"peace,† in the context, â€Å"the peace of this day will shine,† with, â€Å"this day,† symbolising the last day of  life. Harwood comments that religious can assist with the reconciliation of death and degradation. Response about RELATIONSHIPS: â€Å"At Mornington† references Romantic values and demonstrates the theme of relationships as an integral aspect of finding solace in age and decline. The second stanza, containing the noun, â€Å"friends,† in the personal, present-tense description, â€Å"we stand, two friends of middle age, by your parents’ grave,† carries connotations of time passing and causing age and decline. The pronoun, â€Å"we,† and the description, â€Å"middle age,† emphasises that this is a Romanticised, personal experience, invested with a sense of revelation and a nostalgia for childhood innocence, also reminiscent of Romantic values. It also reveals that these â€Å"two friends† have been together throughout their lives, and that their companionship and the fact that they are now facing death together, facilitates their acceptance of death. Romanticism also held a value of the human condition. The couplet, â€Å"we have the wholeness of this day to share as we will between us,† contains the alliterative terms, â€Å"we,† â€Å"wholeness,† and, â€Å"will,† which denote tones of hope, and connection which come about with human relationships, an aspect of the human condition. Through Romantic influence, Harwood demonstrates the mutual comfort that comes from friendship and acts as an antidote to the anxieties surrounding death. Like in â€Å"The Violets,† Harwood’s, â€Å"At Mornington,† is invested with an essence of her religious spirituality which evokes ideas of flourishing relations as a cure to the apprehension of death. The persona recalls walking through â€Å"Brisbane gardens† with a friend, demonstrated by the pronoun, â€Å"we,† and the noun, â€Å"gardens,† in the past-tense recollection, â€Å"we walked among†¦Brisbane gardens.† This venture alludes to the Garden of Eden and the Fall of Man, with the persona walking through the â€Å"garden,† with a friend, referencing Eden, before she and her companion gain the knowledge of what it means to be mortal and experience the Fall, that is the irreversible revelation of the inevitability of death. Also, the lines of the final stanza, â€Å"At your side among the graves I think of death no more,† contain the positional verb, â€Å"side,† the funerary reference of â€Å"graves,† and the  noun, â€Å"death,† in conjunction with the negative terms, â€Å"no more,† to combine ideas of companionship, spiritual well-being and death. This highlights the religious notion that friendship and other relationships are strengthened by religious faith, and bring about a spiritual peace that prepares one for life after death. Harwood’s religion offers her hope of an afterlife, and the idea of companionship following her through life and into death; softens the blow of mortality.